Math worksheet for practicing multiplication of 3-digit numbers by 1-digit numbers, designed for kids with a fun cow illustration.

The task involves multiplying 3-digit numbers by 1-digit numbers. Below is the solution for each multiplication problem, along with an explanation of how to solve them step by step.

Problem Setup:

We are given a grid of multiplication problems where 3-digit numbers are multiplied by 1-digit numbers. The goal is to compute each product accurately.

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Step-by-Step Solution:

#### Row 1:
1. 163 × 4
- Multiply each digit of 163 by 4:
- \( 3 \times 4 = 12 \) (write 2, carry 1)
- \( 6 \times 4 = 24 \), add the carry 1 → \( 24 + 1 = 25 \) (write 5, carry 2)
- \( 1 \times 4 = 4 \), add the carry 2 → \( 4 + 2 = 6 \)
- Result: 652

2. 165 × 6
- Multiply each digit of 165 by 6:
- \( 5 \times 6 = 30 \) (write 0, carry 3)
- \( 6 \times 6 = 36 \), add the carry 3 → \( 36 + 3 = 39 \) (write 9, carry 3)
- \( 1 \times 6 = 6 \), add the carry 3 → \( 6 + 3 = 9 \)
- Result: 990

3. 166 × 7
- Multiply each digit of 166 by 7:
- \( 6 \times 7 = 42 \) (write 2, carry 4)
- \( 6 \times 7 = 42 \), add the carry 4 → \( 42 + 4 = 46 \) (write 6, carry 4)
- \( 1 \times 7 = 7 \), add the carry 4 → \( 7 + 4 = 11 \)
- Result: 1162

4. 168 × 9
- Multiply each digit of 168 by 9:
- \( 8 \times 9 = 72 \) (write 2, carry 7)
- \( 6 \times 9 = 54 \), add the carry 7 → \( 54 + 7 = 61 \) (write 1, carry 6)
- \( 1 \times 9 = 9 \), add the carry 6 → \( 9 + 6 = 15 \)
- Result: 1512

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#### Row 2:
1. 166 × 8
- Multiply each digit of 166 by 8:
- \( 6 \times 8 = 48 \) (write 8, carry 4)
- \( 6 \times 8 = 48 \), add the carry 4 → \( 48 + 4 = 52 \) (write 2, carry 5)
- \( 1 \times 8 = 8 \), add the carry 5 → \( 8 + 5 = 13 \)
- Result: 1328

2. 164 × 8
- Multiply each digit of 164 by 8:
- \( 4 \times 8 = 32 \) (write 2, carry 3)
- \( 6 \times 8 = 48 \), add the carry 3 → \( 48 + 3 = 51 \) (write 1, carry 5)
- \( 1 \times 8 = 8 \), add the carry 5 → \( 8 + 5 = 13 \)
- Result: 1312

3. 166 × 9
- Multiply each digit of 166 by 9:
- \( 6 \times 9 = 54 \) (write 4, carry 5)
- \( 6 \times 9 = 54 \), add the carry 5 → \( 54 + 5 = 59 \) (write 9, carry 5)
- \( 1 \times 9 = 9 \), add the carry 5 → \( 9 + 5 = 14 \)
- Result: 1494

4. 163 × 5
- Multiply each digit of 163 by 5:
- \( 3 \times 5 = 15 \) (write 5, carry 1)
- \( 6 \times 5 = 30 \), add the carry 1 → \( 30 + 1 = 31 \) (write 1, carry 3)
- \( 1 \times 5 = 5 \), add the carry 3 → \( 5 + 3 = 8 \)
- Result: 815

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#### Row 3:
1. 160 × 9
- Multiply each digit of 160 by 9:
- \( 0 \times 9 = 0 \)
- \( 6 \times 9 = 54 \) (write 4, carry 5)
- \( 1 \times 9 = 9 \), add the carry 5 → \( 9 + 5 = 14 \)
- Result: 1440

2. 164 × 9
- Multiply each digit of 164 by 9:
- \( 4 \times 9 = 36 \) (write 6, carry 3)
- \( 6 \times 9 = 54 \), add the carry 3 → \( 54 + 3 = 57 \) (write 7, carry 5)
- \( 1 \times 9 = 9 \), add the carry 5 → \( 9 + 5 = 14 \)
- Result: 1476

3. 165 × 7
- Multiply each digit of 165 by 7:
- \( 5 \times 7 = 35 \) (write 5, carry 3)
- \( 6 \times 7 = 42 \), add the carry 3 → \( 42 + 3 = 45 \) (write 5, carry 4)
- \( 1 \times 7 = 7 \), add the carry 4 → \( 7 + 4 = 11 \)
- Result: 1155

4. 163 × 7
- Multiply each digit of 163 by 7:
- \( 3 \times 7 = 21 \) (write 1, carry 2)
- \( 6 \times 7 = 42 \), add the carry 2 → \( 42 + 2 = 44 \) (write 4, carry 4)
- \( 1 \times 7 = 7 \), add the carry 4 → \( 7 + 4 = 11 \)
- Result: 1141

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#### Row 4:
1. 164 × 7
- Multiply each digit of 164 by 7:
- \( 4 \times 7 = 28 \) (write 8, carry 2)
- \( 6 \times 7 = 42 \), add the carry 2 → \( 42 + 2 = 44 \) (write 4, carry 4)
- \( 1 \times 7 = 7 \), add the carry 4 → \( 7 + 4 = 11 \)
- Result: 1148

2. 167 × 9
- Multiply each digit of 167 by 9:
- \( 7 \times 9 = 63 \) (write 3, carry 6)
- \( 6 \times 9 = 54 \), add the carry 6 → \( 54 + 6 = 60 \) (write 0, carry 6)
- \( 1 \times 9 = 9 \), add the carry 6 → \( 9 + 6 = 15 \)
- Result: 1503

3. 164 × 9
- Multiply each digit of 164 by 9:
- \( 4 \times 9 = 36 \) (write 6, carry 3)
- \( 6 \times 9 = 54 \), add the carry 3 → \( 54 + 3 = 57 \) (write 7, carry 5)
- \( 1 \times 9 = 9 \), add the carry 5 → \( 9 + 5 = 14 \)
- Result: 1476

4. 167 × 9
- Multiply each digit of 167 by 9:
- \( 7 \times 9 = 63 \) (write 3, carry 6)
- \( 6 \times 9 = 54 \), add the carry 6 → \( 54 + 6 = 60 \) (write 0, carry 6)
- \( 1 \times 9 = 9 \), add the carry 6 → \( 9 + 6 = 15 \)
- Result: 1503

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#### Row 5:
1. 167 × 8
- Multiply each digit of 167 by 8:
- \( 7 \times 8 = 56 \) (write 6, carry 5)
- \( 6 \times 8 = 48 \), add the carry 5 → \( 48 + 5 = 53 \) (write 3, carry 5)
- \( 1 \times 8 = 8 \), add the carry 5 → \( 8 + 5 = 13 \)
- Result: 1336

2. 163 × 9
- Multiply each digit of 163 by 9:
- \( 3 \times 9 = 27 \) (write 7, carry 2)
- \( 6 \times 9 = 54 \), add the carry 2 → \( 54 + 2 = 56 \) (write 6, carry 5)
- \( 1 \times 9 = 9 \), add the carry 5 → \( 9 + 5 = 14 \)
- Result: 1467

3. 160 × 8
- Multiply each digit of 160 by 8:
- \( 0 \times 8 = 0 \)
- \( 6 \times 8 = 48 \) (write 8, carry 4)
- \( 1 \times 8 = 8 \), add the carry 4 → \( 8 + 4 = 12 \)
- Result: 1280

4. 163 × 4
- Multiply each digit of 163 by 4:
- \( 3 \times 4 = 12 \) (write 2, carry 1)
- \( 6 \times 4 = 24 \), add the carry 1 → \( 24 + 1 = 25 \) (write 5, carry 2)
- \( 1 \times 4 = 4 \), add the carry 2 → \( 4 + 2 = 6 \)
- Result: 652

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Final Answer:

\[
\boxed{
\begin{array}{cccc}
652 & 990 & 1162 & 1512 \\
1328 & 1312 & 1494 & 815 \\
1440 & 1476 & 1155 & 1141 \\
1148 & 1503 & 1476 & 1503 \\
1336 & 1467 & 1280 & 652 \\
\end{array}
}
\]