Worksheets - Multiplication by 3-Digit Numbers - Free Printable

Let's solve each of the four multiplication problems step by step.

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1. 343 × 204

We can break this down using the distributive property:

Step 1: Break 204 into 200 + 4
So:
343 × 204 = 343 × (200 + 4) = (343 × 200) + (343 × 4)

Now calculate:
- 343 × 200 = 343 × 2 × 100 = 686 × 100 = 68,600
- 343 × 4 = 1,372

Add them:
68,600 + 1,372 = 69,972

✔ Answer: 69,972

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2. 872 × 190

Break 190 into 100 + 90 or better yet, 190 = 19 × 10 → so we can do:
872 × 190 = 872 × (19 × 10) = (872 × 19) × 10

First compute 872 × 19:

Break 19 into 10 + 9:
- 872 × 10 = 8,720
- 872 × 9 = 7,848

Add:
8,720 + 7,848 = 16,568

Now multiply by 10:
16,568 × 10 = 165,680

✔ Answer: 165,680

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3. 724 × 142

Break 142 into 100 + 40 + 2

So:
724 × 142 = 724 × (100 + 40 + 2) = (724 × 100) + (724 × 40) + (724 × 2)

Calculate each:
- 724 × 100 = 72,400
- 724 × 40 = 724 × 4 × 10 = 2,896 × 10 = 28,960
- 724 × 2 = 1,448

Add all:
72,400 + 28,960 = 101,360
101,360 + 1,448 = 102,808

✔ Answer: 102,808

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4. 525 × 125

This one is a bit trickier. Let's use smart factoring.

Note that 125 = 100 + 25, but even better:
125 = 1000 ÷ 8 → So 525 × 125 = 525 × (1000 ÷ 8) = (525 × 1000) ÷ 8 = 525,000 ÷ 8

Now divide:
525,000 ÷ 8 = ?

Do division:
- 8 × 65,625 = 525,000 → because:
- 8 × 60,000 = 480,000
- 8 × 5,625 = 45,000 → total 480,000 + 45,000 = 525,000

So: 65,625

Alternatively, use standard multiplication:

```
525
×125
------
2625 ← 525 × 5
1050 ← 525 × 20 (shifted one place left)
525 ← 525 × 100 (shifted two places left)
-------
65625
```

Wait — let's align properly:

```
525
×125
------
2625 ← 525 × 5
1050 ← 525 × 20 → actually 525 × 2 = 1,050 → shift one left → 10,500
525 ← 525 × 100 → shift two left → 52,500
-------
65,625
```

Add:
- 2,625
- 10,500 → total so far: 13,125
- + 52,500 → 65,625

✔ Answer: 65,625

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✔ Final Answers:

1. 343 × 204 = 69,972
2. 872 × 190 = 165,680
3. 724 × 142 = 102,808
4. 525 × 125 = 65,625

Let me know if you'd like a visual representation or explanation with vertical multiplication!