This educational passage explains the scientific process behind how rainbows are formed through light refraction.

- The primary purpose of the text is to explain how rainbows are formed.
- Sunlight enters raindrops, bends (refracts), and separates into different colors because each color travels at a slightly different speed through water.
- The separated colors reflect off the inside back surface of the raindrop and bend again as they exit, creating the visible arc of a rainbow.
- Red light bends the least and appears on the outer edge; violet bends the most and appears on the inner edge.
- A rainbow is only visible when the observer has their back to the sun and is looking toward raindrops in front of them.