Basic Cell Parts: Draw and label the parts of the animal cell.

Let's solve the two parts of this worksheet step by step.

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I. Basic Cell Parts

Task: Draw and label the parts of the animal cell using the provided vocabulary list.

#### Vocabulary List:
- nucleus
- cell membrane
- mitochondrion
- ribosomes
- rough ER
- golgi body
- vesicles
- chloroplast

> Note: Chloroplast is not found in animal cells — it is present only in plant cells. So, we will ignore "chloroplast" when labeling an animal cell.

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Step-by-step identification of labeled parts (1–7):

We are given a diagram of an animal cell, with numbers 1 to 7 pointing to different structures. Let’s identify each one based on typical animal cell anatomy:

1. Mitochondrion – These are oval-shaped organelles with inner folds (cristae), often called the "powerhouse" of the cell.
→ Label #1: Mitochondrion

2. Cell membrane – The outer boundary of the cell, thin and surrounds the entire cell.
→ Label #2: Cell membrane

3. Golgi body (Golgi apparatus) – A stack of flattened sacs near the nucleus, involved in modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins.
→ Label #3: Golgi body

4. Rough ER (Endoplasmic Reticulum) – Network of membranes studded with ribosomes (appears "rough"). Often connected to the nucleus.
→ Label #4: Rough ER

5. Ribosomes – Small dots or granules, often free-floating or attached to the rough ER.
→ Label #5: Ribosomes

6. Nucleus – The large central structure containing the genetic material (DNA). Has a nuclear envelope and nucleolus inside.
→ Label #6: Nucleus

7. Vesicles – Small spherical sacs that transport materials within the cell. Often seen near the Golgi body.
→ Label #7: Vesicles

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✔ Final Labels for Animal Cell Diagram:

| Number | Structure |
|--------|------------------|
| 1 | Mitochondrion |
| 2 | Cell membrane |
| 3 | Golgi body |
| 4 | Rough ER |
| 5 | Ribosomes |
| 6 | Nucleus |
| 7 | Vesicles |

> ✔ Note: Chloroplast is not present in animal cells, so it should not be labeled.

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II. The Structure of the Chromosome and Its Location in the Cell

#### Figure 2 & Figure 3: Chromosome Structure

Key parts of a chromosome (as shown in Figure 3):

- p Arm: Short arm of the chromosome.
- q Arm: Long arm of the chromosome.
- Centromere: The constricted region where sister chromatids are joined.
- DNA: The genetic material wrapped around histone proteins to form chromatin.
- Chromatid: One copy of a duplicated chromosome; two sister chromatids are joined at the centromere.

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Answering Questions (implied, though not written out here):

Since no specific questions are listed, but the instruction says “answer the questions that follow,” let’s assume common ones based on the figures:

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#### Sample Questions & Answers:

Q1: Where are chromosomes located in the cell?
A: Chromosomes are located in the nucleus of the cell. During cell division, they become visible as condensed structures.

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Q2: What is the function of the centromere?
A: The centromere holds the two sister chromatids together and serves as the attachment site for spindle fibers during cell division.

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Q3: What are the p and q arms of a chromosome?
A: The p arm is the short arm of the chromosome, and the q arm is the long arm. They are separated by the centromere.

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Q4: What is the relationship between DNA and chromosomes?
A: Chromosomes are made up of DNA tightly coiled around histone proteins. During cell division, DNA condenses into visible chromosomes.

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Q5: How many chromatids make up a duplicated chromosome?
A: A duplicated chromosome consists of two sister chromatids joined at the centromere.

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Summary of Key Concepts:

- Animal cells lack chloroplasts.
- The nucleus contains the chromosomes.
- Chromosomes are composed of DNA and proteins, and they are visible during cell division.
- The centromere connects sister chromatids.
- p arm = short arm; q arm = long arm.

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Final Notes:

- Students should draw and label the animal cell in their notebook using the correct labels.
- For the chromosome section, students should understand the structure and location of chromosomes and how they are organized.

Let me know if you'd like a printable version or a drawing guide!