5-Acids and Bases worksheet 2 - Free Printable

I'll work through this acids and bases worksheet step by step.

Step 1: Summarizing the main acid-base theories

For Arrhenius theory:
- Acid: produces H ions in water
- Base: produces OH⁻ ions in water

For Brønsted-Lowry theory:
- Acid: proton (H⁺) donor
- Base: proton (H⁺) acceptor

Step 2: Labeling acids, bases, conjugate acids, and conjugate bases

Let me analyze each reaction:

Reaction 2: H₂SO₄ + NH₃ → HSO₄⁻ + NH₄⁺
- H₂SO₄ donates a proton to become HSO₄⁻, so H₂SO₄ is the acid (A)
- NH₃ accepts a proton to become NH₄, so NH₃ is the base (B)
- HSO₄⁻ is what remains after the acid donates, so it's the conjugate base (CB)
- NH₄ is formed when the base accepts a proton, so it's the conjugate acid (CA)

Reaction 3: HC₂H₃O₂ + H₂O → H₃O⁺ + C₂H₃O₂⁻
- HC₂H₃O₂ donates a proton to become C₂H₃O₂⁻, so HC₂H₃O₂ is the acid (A)
- H₂O accepts a proton to become H₃O⁺, so H₂O is the base (B)
- C₂H₃O₂⁻ is the conjugate base (CB)
- H₃O⁺ is the conjugate acid (CA)

Reaction 4: HCl + NH₃ → NH₄ + Cl⁻
- HCl donates a proton to become Cl⁻, so HCl is the acid (A)
- NH₃ accepts a proton to become NH₄, so NH₃ is the base (B)
- Cl⁻ is the conjugate base (CB)
- NH₄⁺ is the conjugate acid (CA)

Reaction 5: HCO⁻ + OH⁻ → H₂O + CO₃²⁻
- HCO₃⁻ donates a proton to become CO₃²⁻, so HCO₃ is the acid (A)
- OH⁻ accepts a proton to become H₂O, so OH is the base (B)
- CO₃²⁻ is the conjugate base (CB)
- H₂O is the conjugate acid (CA)

Step 3: Finding conjugate bases of Brønsted-Lowry acids

To find a conjugate base, remove one H⁺ from the acid:

6. HI → remove H⁺ → I⁻
7. NH₄⁺ → remove H⁺ → NH₃
8. H₂CO₃ → remove H⁺ → HCO₃⁻
9. HNO₃ → remove H⁺ → NO₃

Step 4: Finding conjugate acids of Brønsted-Lowry bases

To find a conjugate acid, add one H to the base:

10. CN⁻ → add H⁺ → HCN
11. O²⁻ → add H⁺ → OH⁻
12. CH₃COO⁻ → add H⁺ → CH₃COOH
13. NH₃ → add H⁺ → NH₄⁺

Final Answer:

1. Table:
| | ACID | BASE |
|---|---|---|
| Arrhenius | Produces H⁺ ions in water | Produces OH⁻ ions in water |
| Brønsted-Lowry | Proton (H⁺) donor | Proton (H) acceptor |

2. H₂SO₄ (A), NH₃ (B), HSO₄⁻ (CB), NH₄⁺ (CA)

3. HC₂H₃O₂ (A), H₂O (B), C₂HO₂⁻ (CB), H₃O⁺ (CA)

4. HCl (A), NH₃ (B), Cl⁻ (CB), NH₄⁺ (CA)

5. HCO₃⁻ (A), OH⁻ (B), CO₃²⁻ (CB), H₂O (CA)

Conjugate bases:
6. I⁻
7. NH₃
8. HCO₃⁻
9. NO₃⁻

Conjugate acids:
10. HCN
11. OH⁻
12. CHCOOH
13. NH₄⁺