Acid, Base, and Salt Classification Worksheet

Let’s go step by step to solve both parts of this worksheet.

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Part 1: Using the Arrhenius definition, classify as acid, base, or salt.

Arrhenius Definition Reminder (simple version):
- Acid: Produces H⁺ ions in water → usually starts with H (like HCl, HBr).
- Base: Produces OH⁻ ions in water → usually has OH at the end (like NaOH, Mg(OH)₂).
- Salt: Made from acid + base reaction → no H⁺ or OH⁻ as main part; often metal + nonmetal or polyatomic ion combo (like NaCl, KNO₃).

Now let’s classify each:

1. HBr → Starts with H → acid
2. Mg(OH)₂ → Has OH → base
3. HCl → Starts with H → acid
4. KNO₂ → Potassium + nitrite → salt
5. HI → Starts with H → acid
6. Ba(OH)₂ → Has OH → base
7. KCl → Potassium + chlorine → salt
8. H₃PO₄ → Starts with H → acid
9. HClO → Starts with H → acid
10. Al(OH)₃ → Has OH → base
11. KC₂H₃O₂ → Potassium + acetate → salt
12. NaCl → Sodium + chlorine → salt

✔ All done for Part 1.

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Part 2: Classify as acid/base/salt, then say if strong/weak (for acids/bases), or acidic/basic/neutral (for salts).

We need to know:
- Strong acids: HCl, HBr, HI, HNO₃, H₂SO₄, HClO₄ (and a few others — memorize these!)
- Strong bases: Group 1 hydroxides (NaOH, KOH, etc.) and heavy Group 2 like Ca(OH)₂, Ba(OH)₂
- Weak acids: Most other acids (HF, H₂S, H₃PO₄, H₂CO₃, etc.)
- Weak bases: NH₃, NH₄OH, Al(OH)₃, etc.
- Salts: Look at what they came from:
- Strong acid + strong base → neutral salt
- Strong acid + weak base → acidic salt
- Weak acid + strong base → basic salt
- Weak acid + weak base → depends (but we’ll keep it simple)

Let’s go one by one:

1. HNO₃ → Acid → Strong acid → acid, strong
2. NaOH → Base → Strong base → base, strong
3. NaNO₃ → Salt → From NaOH (strong base) + HNO₃ (strong acid) → salt, neutral
4. KOH → Base → Strong base → base, strong
5. H₂S → Acid → Not on strong list → acid, weak
6. Al(NO₃)₃ → Salt → From Al(OH)₃ (weak base) + HNO₃ (strong acid) → salt, acidic
7. H₂SO₄ → Acid → Strong acid → acid, strong
8. CaCl₂ → Salt → From Ca(OH)₂ (strong base) + HCl (strong acid) → salt, neutral
9. H₃PO₄ → Acid → Weak acid → acid, weak
10. H₂CO₃ → Acid → Weak acid → acid, weak
11. NH₄OH → Base → Weak base (ammonia solution) → base, weak
12. NH₄Cl → Salt → From NH₄OH (weak base) + HCl (strong acid) → salt, acidic
13. FeBr₃ → Salt → Fe³⁺ is from weak base (Fe(OH)₃), Br⁻ from strong acid (HBr) → salt, acidic
14. HF → Acid → Weak acid → acid, weak
15. H₂Se → Acid → Similar to H₂S → weak → acid, weak
16. HMnO₄ → Acid → Permanganic acid → strong acid (similar to HClO₄) → acid, strong

✔ All done for Part 2.

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Final Answer:

Part 1:
1. acid
2. base
3. acid
4. salt
5. acid
6. base
7. salt
8. acid
9. acid
10. base
11. salt
12. salt

Part 2:
1. acid, strong
2. base, strong
3. salt, neutral
4. base, strong
5. acid, weak
6. salt, acidic
7. acid, strong
8. salt, neutral
9. acid, weak
10. acid, weak
11. base, weak
12. salt, acidic
13. salt, acidic
14. acid, weak
15. acid, weak
16. acid, strong