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The image you've uploaded is a completed worksheet titled "Acids, Bases and Salts", with answers provided in red text. Below is a detailed explanation of each question and its solution:
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Answer:
A modern definition of an organic compound is any compound that contains carbon (and usually hydrogen) but is not a carbide, carbon oxide, or carbonate.
Explanation:
Traditionally, organic compounds were defined as substances derived from living organisms. However, the modern definition includes all carbon-containing compounds except for simple ones like carbon oxides (CO₂, CO), carbonates (e.g., CaCO₃), and cyanides. This is because these are considered inorganic despite containing carbon.
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Answer:
They all conduct electricity.
Explanation:
Acids, bases, and salts dissociate into ions when dissolved in water. These free-moving ions allow the solution to conduct electricity. This is why they are called electrolytes.
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Answer:
Acids change blue litmus to red.
Explanation:
Litmus paper is a pH indicator. Blue litmus paper turns red in acidic solutions due to the presence of H⁺ ions. This is a classic test for acidity.
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Answer:
Bases don't change blue litmus.
Explanation:
Blue litmus paper remains blue in basic solutions. To detect bases, red litmus paper is used — it turns blue in the presence of a base.
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| Substance | Classification | Explanation |
|----------|----------------|-----------|
| a) LiOH | Base | Contains OH⁻ ion; lithium hydroxide is a strong base. |
| b) KNO₃ | Salt | Formed from neutralization of KOH (base) and HNO₃ (acid). |
| c) Sr(OH)₂ | Base | Strontium hydroxide has two OH⁻ groups; it's a strong base. |
| d) HBr | Acid | Hydrogen bromide releases H⁺ in water; strong acid. |
| e) KCl | Salt | Potassium chloride — product of HCl + KOH. |
| f) H₂SO₄ | Acid | Sulfuric acid — strong diprotic acid. |
| g) Ca(OH)₂ | Base | Calcium hydroxide — commonly known as slaked lime. |
| h) HNO₃ | Acid | Nitric acid — strong acid. |
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Answer:
Acid < 7
Explanation:
Grapefruit juice is acidic due to the presence of citric acid. Therefore, its pH is less than 7. Most citrus fruits fall in the range of pH 3–4.
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| Formula | Name | Explanation |
|--------|------|-----------|
| a) HCl | Hydrochloric acid | Hydrogen chloride in aqueous solution. |
| b) CH₃COOH | Acetic acid | Common weak acid found in vinegar. |
| c) H₂SO₄ | Sulphuric acid | Strong diprotic acid; commonly used in industry. |
> Note: "Sulphuric" is the British spelling; "sulfuric" is American.
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This worksheet tests foundational knowledge of acids, bases, and salts, including definitions, identification, behavior in indicators, and naming conventions. The provided answers are accurate and well-explained.
Let me know if you'd like a printable version or further clarification on any concept!
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1) State a modern definition for an organic compound.
Answer:
A modern definition of an organic compound is any compound that contains carbon (and usually hydrogen) but is not a carbide, carbon oxide, or carbonate.
Explanation:
Traditionally, organic compounds were defined as substances derived from living organisms. However, the modern definition includes all carbon-containing compounds except for simple ones like carbon oxides (CO₂, CO), carbonates (e.g., CaCO₃), and cyanides. This is because these are considered inorganic despite containing carbon.
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2a) What property do acids, bases, and salts have in common?
Answer:
They all conduct electricity.
Explanation:
Acids, bases, and salts dissociate into ions when dissolved in water. These free-moving ions allow the solution to conduct electricity. This is why they are called electrolytes.
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2b) What is the effect of an acid on blue litmus paper?
Answer:
Acids change blue litmus to red.
Explanation:
Litmus paper is a pH indicator. Blue litmus paper turns red in acidic solutions due to the presence of H⁺ ions. This is a classic test for acidity.
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2c) What is the effect of a base on blue litmus paper?
Answer:
Bases don't change blue litmus.
Explanation:
Blue litmus paper remains blue in basic solutions. To detect bases, red litmus paper is used — it turns blue in the presence of a base.
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3) Classify each of the following substances as an acid, base, or salt.
| Substance | Classification | Explanation |
|----------|----------------|-----------|
| a) LiOH | Base | Contains OH⁻ ion; lithium hydroxide is a strong base. |
| b) KNO₃ | Salt | Formed from neutralization of KOH (base) and HNO₃ (acid). |
| c) Sr(OH)₂ | Base | Strontium hydroxide has two OH⁻ groups; it's a strong base. |
| d) HBr | Acid | Hydrogen bromide releases H⁺ in water; strong acid. |
| e) KCl | Salt | Potassium chloride — product of HCl + KOH. |
| f) H₂SO₄ | Acid | Sulfuric acid — strong diprotic acid. |
| g) Ca(OH)₂ | Base | Calcium hydroxide — commonly known as slaked lime. |
| h) HNO₃ | Acid | Nitric acid — strong acid. |
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4) Would grapefruit juice have a pH of < 7, = 7, or > 7?
Answer:
Acid < 7
Explanation:
Grapefruit juice is acidic due to the presence of citric acid. Therefore, its pH is less than 7. Most citrus fruits fall in the range of pH 3–4.
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5) Name the following acids.
| Formula | Name | Explanation |
|--------|------|-----------|
| a) HCl | Hydrochloric acid | Hydrogen chloride in aqueous solution. |
| b) CH₃COOH | Acetic acid | Common weak acid found in vinegar. |
| c) H₂SO₄ | Sulphuric acid | Strong diprotic acid; commonly used in industry. |
> Note: "Sulphuric" is the British spelling; "sulfuric" is American.
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✔ Summary:
This worksheet tests foundational knowledge of acids, bases, and salts, including definitions, identification, behavior in indicators, and naming conventions. The provided answers are accurate and well-explained.
Let me know if you'd like a printable version or further clarification on any concept!
Parent Tip: Review the logic above to help your child master the concept of acids bases and salts worksheet.
