Year 5 - Air Resistance worksheet featuring challenges on gravity, Galileo, and air resistance concepts.

Challenge 1: Fill in the blanks

We are given the words: gravity, opposite, mass, Galileo, and air resistance. Let's fill in the blanks step by step.

#### 1. ________ is the force that pulls objects downwards towards the Earth.
- The force that pulls objects downwards towards the Earth is gravity.
- Answer: gravity

#### 2. ________ was a famous scientist and mathematician.
- Galileo Galilei was a famous scientist and mathematician who conducted experiments on falling objects.
- Answer: Galileo

#### 3. His experiment showed that all objects fall at the same rate no matter what the objects ________ is.
- Galileo's famous experiment (conducted from the Leaning Tower of Pisa) demonstrated that all objects fall at the same rate regardless of their mass.
- Answer: mass

#### 4. Air pushes against any object moving through it. This is known as ________.
- When air pushes against an object moving through it, this phenomenon is called air resistance.
- Answer: air resistance

#### 5. Air resistance is ________ to gravity.
- Air resistance acts in the opposite direction to gravity. While gravity pulls objects downward, air resistance opposes this motion.
- Answer: opposite

Completed Challenge 1:

1. gravity is the force that pulls objects downwards towards the Earth.
2. Galileo was a famous scientist and mathematician.
3. His experiment showed that all objects fall at the same rate no matter what the objects mass is.
4. Air pushes against any object moving through it. This is known as air resistance.
5. Air resistance is opposite to gravity.

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Challenge 2: True or False

Let's evaluate each statement:

#### 1. There is no air on the Moon.
- The Moon has no atmosphere, so there is no air on the Moon.
- Answer: True

#### 2. Air resistance can be helpful and unhelpful.
- Air resistance can be helpful in certain situations (e.g., slowing down a falling object with a parachute) and unhelpful in others (e.g., slowing down a car).
- Answer: True

#### 3. A parachute is not affected by air resistance.
- A parachute is designed to increase air resistance, which slows down the descent of the person or object attached to it.
- Answer: False

#### 4. Air resistance is a force pulling objects towards Earth.
- Air resistance opposes motion and does not pull objects towards Earth. Gravity is the force pulling objects towards Earth.
- Answer: False

#### 5. Objects of different masses fall at the same rate.
- In the absence of air resistance (e.g., in a vacuum), objects of different masses fall at the same rate due to gravity. However, in the presence of air resistance, lighter objects may fall more slowly.
- Answer: True (assuming no air resistance)

Completed Challenge 2:

1. There is no air on the Moon. True
2. Air resistance can be helpful and unhelpful. True
3. A parachute is not affected by air resistance. False
4. Air resistance is a force pulling objects towards Earth. False
5. Objects of different masses fall at the same rate. True

---

Final Answers:

Challenge 1:
1. gravity
2. Galileo
3. mass
4. air resistance
5. opposite

Challenge 2:
1. True
2. True
3. False
4. False
5. True

Boxed Final Answer:
```boxed{
Challenge 1:
1. gravity
2. Galileo
3. mass
4. air resistance
5. opposite

Challenge 2:
1. True
2. True
3. False
4. False
5. True
}
```