Educational worksheet on the impacts of the Industrial Revolution, focusing on cause and effect relationships.

Let’s go step by step to find cause-and-effect relationships from the text.

First, read the text carefully and look for things that happened (effects) and why they happened (causes).

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Step 1: Find the first clear cause and effect.

Text says:
> “Because jobs moved from rural areas to the cities, so too did people.”

So:
- Cause: Jobs moved from rural areas to the cities.
- Effect: People moved to the cities too.

That’s our first pair.

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Step 2: Next sentence:

> “The sudden and significant increase in the population of cities was one of these problems.”

This is an effect — but what caused it? The previous sentence said people moved to cities because jobs moved there. So we can link:

- Cause: People moved to the cities (because jobs moved).
- Effect: Sudden and significant increase in city population.

But let’s keep going — maybe better pairs are ahead.

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Step 3: Next part:

> “Houses were small and overcrowding was very common. Living in such close quarters caused sanitary problems.”

So:
- Cause: Houses were small and overcrowding was common.
- Effect: Sanitary problems occurred.

Good pair.

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Step 4: Next:

> “At the time there was no sewage system, which meant people would dispose of their waste on the streets and into rivers.”

So:
- Cause: No sewage system.
- Effect: People dumped waste on streets and into rivers.

Another good pair.

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Step 5: Next:

> “Diseases spread easily.”

Why? Because of the waste on streets and in rivers → unsanitary conditions.

So:
- Cause: Waste disposed on streets and in rivers (due to no sewage system).
- Effect: Diseases spread easily.

We could also say:
- Cause: Overcrowding + poor sanitation.
- Effect: Diseases spread easily.

But let’s stick with direct links from the text.

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Step 6: Next paragraph:

> “Working conditions were very poor. One of the reasons for this was that there were so many people looking for jobs.”

So:
- Cause: Many people looking for jobs.
- Effect: Working conditions were very poor.

Yes — employers didn’t need to treat workers well because they could easily replace them.

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Step 7: More effects from poor working conditions:

> “People worked long hours and in dirty and dangerous conditions. Many workers lost limbs and some even died while working.”

So:
- Cause: Dirty and dangerous working conditions.
- Effect: Workers lost limbs or died.

Also:
> “Workers had to put up with equipment that crippled smoke and as a result, many suffered from breathing problems.”

Wait — typo? Probably meant “equipment that crippled *them*” or “emitted smoke”? Let’s assume it’s “equipment that emitted smoke” or “was dangerous”.

Actually, rereading: “Workers had to put up with equipment that crippled smoke” — that doesn’t make sense. Likely a typo. Probably meant “equipment that emitted smoke” or “was unsafe”.

Looking at context: “many suffered from breathing problems” — so likely:

- Cause: Smoke from factories/equipment.
- Effect: Breathing problems.

And earlier: “Smoke from factories, engines and fireplaces polluted the air around the cities.”

So:
- Cause: Smoke from factories, engines, fireplaces.
- Effect: Air pollution → breathing problems.

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Step 8: Child labor:

> “It was also common for children to work in order to help bring in money for their family.”

So:
- Cause: Families needed more money.
- Effect: Children worked.

Or:
- Cause: Poor working wages / poverty.
- Effect: Children had to work.

Text says: “in order to help bring in money for their family” → so cause is financial need.

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Now, let’s pick 5 clear, direct cause-effect pairs from the text that are easy to understand and match the worksheet format.

Here are 5 solid ones:

1.
Cause: Jobs moved from rural areas to the cities.
Effect: People moved to the cities too.

2.
Cause: There was no sewage system.
Effect: People dumped waste on streets and into rivers.

3.
Cause: Waste was dumped on streets and in rivers.
Effect: Diseases spread easily.

4.
Cause: Many people were looking for jobs.
Effect: Working conditions were very poor.

5.
Cause: Factories produced smoke.
Effect: Air became polluted and people had breathing problems.

(Alternatively, you could use child labor: Cause = families needed money; Effect = children worked.)

But let’s go with the above 5 since they’re clearly stated and connected.

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Final Answer:

cause (why?) | effect (what happened?)
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Jobs moved from rural areas to the cities | People moved to the cities too
There was no sewage system | People dumped waste on streets and into rivers
Waste was dumped on streets and in rivers | Diseases spread easily
Many people were looking for jobs | Working conditions were very poor
Factories produced smoke | Air became polluted and people had breathing problems