Amoeba Sisters Protein Synthesis Worksheet Shop | www.reddhart.ca - Free Printable

Problem Overview:

The task involves completing a summary chart for the processes of Transcription and Translation, which are key steps in protein synthesis. The chart requires filling in details such as the location, brief description, end result, whether DNA is directly involved, and the types of RNA involved.

Solution:

#### Step 1: Understand the Processes
- Transcription: This is the process where DNA is copied into RNA (specifically mRNA) in the nucleus. The resulting mRNA carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosomes for translation.
- Translation: This is the process where the mRNA is used as a template to synthesize a protein at the ribosomes. tRNA brings amino acids to the ribosome based on the codons in the mRNA.

#### Step 2: Fill in the Chart

##### Transcription Row:
1. Process Name: Transcription
2. Location: Nucleus
3. Brief and General Description: A strand of DNA is copied into a new molecule of RNA with the help of RNA polymerase.
4. End Result: An mRNA strand that can be transported out of the nucleus for translation.
5. DNA Directly Involved?: Yes
6. List RNA Types Involved: mRNA

##### Translation Row:
1. Process Name: Translation
2. Location: Ribosome (cytoplasm)
3. Brief and General Description: mRNA is decoded by ribosomes using tRNA to produce a polypeptide chain (protein).
4. End Result: Protein that can fold into its tertiary structure and perform specific functions.
5. DNA Directly Involved?: No
6. List RNA Types Involved: mRNA, tRNA, rRNA

#### Completed Chart:

| Process Name | Location | Brief and General Description | End Result | DNA Directly Involved? | List RNA Types Involved |
|--------------|----------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------|--------------------------|
| Transcription | Nucleus | A strand of DNA is copied into a new molecule of RNA with the help of RNA polymerase. | An mRNA strand that can be transported out of the nucleus for translation. | Yes | mRNA |
| Translation | Ribosome (cytoplasm) | mRNA is decoded by ribosomes using tRNA to produce a polypeptide chain (protein). | Protein that can fold into its tertiary structure and perform specific functions. | No | mRNA, tRNA, rRNA |

#### Step 3: Answer Additional Questions

1. Question 29: Identify and label the illustration for transcription.
- Illustration Elements:
- DNA: The double helix structure.
- mRNA: The newly synthesized RNA strand being transcribed.
- RNA Polymerase: The enzyme catalyzing the transcription process.
- Nucleus: The location where transcription occurs.

2. Question 30: Identify and label the illustration for translation.
- Illustration Elements:
- mRNA: The template RNA strand.
- tRNA: Carrying amino acids to the ribosome.
- Ribosome: The site of protein synthesis.
- Polypeptide Chain: The growing protein chain.
- rRNA: Part of the ribosome structure.

Final Answer:

\boxed{
\begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|}
\hline
\text{Process Name} & \text{Location} & \text{Brief and General Description} & \text{End Result} & \text{DNA Directly Involved?} & \text{List RNA Types Involved} \\
\hline
\text{Transcription} & \text{Nucleus} & \text{A strand of DNA is copied into a new molecule of RNA with the help of RNA polymerase.} & \text{An mRNA strand that can be transported out of the nucleus for translation.} & \text{Yes} & \text{mRNA} \\
\hline
\text{Translation} & \text{Ribosome (cytoplasm)} & \text{mRNA is decoded by ribosomes using tRNA to produce a polypeptide chain (protein).} & \text{Protein that can fold into its tertiary structure and perform specific functions.} & \text{No} & \text{mRNA, tRNA, rRNA} \\
\hline
\end{array}
}