Anatomy & Physiology Ch 1: The Human Body Worksheet

Here are the answers to your Anatomy & Physiology worksheet.

1. Levels of Organization
The body is built from small parts to larger systems. The order is:
Chemicals $\rightarrow$ Cells $\rightarrow$ Tissues $\rightarrow$ Organs $\rightarrow$ Organ Systems $\rightarrow$ Organism

2. Three Ventral Cavities
The ventral cavities are on the front side of the body. They are:
a) Thoracic cavity (chest)
b) Abdominal cavity (stomach area)
c) Pelvic cavity (hip area)
*(Note: Sometimes "Abdominopelvic" is counted as one large cavity, but since it asks for three, listing Thoracic, Abdominal, and Pelvic is standard).*

3. Two Dorsal Cavities
The dorsal cavities are on the back side of the body. They are:
a) Cranial cavity (holds the brain)
b) Spinal (or Vertebral) cavity (holds the spinal cord)

4. Cavity Inferior to the Abdominal Cavity
"Inferior" means below. The cavity directly below the abdomen is the:
Pelvic cavity

5. Anatomical Terminology Relations
Here are the correct directional terms for each pair:

a) The Head is superior to the neck. *(Head is above)*
b) The Scalp is superficial to the skull. *(Scalp is on the outside surface)*
c) The Ears are lateral to the eyes. *(Ears are to the side)*
d) The Toes are distal to the ankle. *(Toes are further away from the body attachment point)*
e) The Diaphragm is inferior to the lungs. *(Diaphragm is below the lungs)*
f) The Heart is superior to the diaphragm. *(Heart is above the diaphragm)*
g) The Wrist is proximal to the hand. *(Wrist is closer to the arm attachment than the fingers are)*
h) The Esophagus is anterior to the vertebral column. *(Esophagus is in front of the spine)*
i) The Brain is superior to the spinal cord. *(Brain is above)*
j) The Knee is proximal to the ankle. *(Knee is closer to the hip/body than the ankle is)*
k) The Small intestine is inferior to the stomach. *(Intestines are below the stomach)*
l) The Fingers are distal to the hand. *(Fingers are at the far end)*
m) The Sternum is anterior to the vertebra. *(Breastbone is in front of the spine)*
n) The Eyes are lateral to the bridge of nose. *(Eyes are to the side of the nose bridge)*
o) The Thumb is lateral to the hand. *(In anatomical position, palms face forward, so the thumb is on the outside edge)*
p) The Calf is posterior to the shin. *(Calf muscle is on the back of the lower leg)*

6. Definition of Anatomy and Physiology
Anatomy studies what things look like (structure), and physiology studies how they work (function).
Answer: d) structure, function

7. Study of Individual Cells
The study of cells is called cytology ("cyto" means cell). Histology is tissues, pathology is disease.
Answer: b) cytology

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Final Answer:

1. Cells, Tissues, Organs, Organ Systems
2. a) Thoracic cavity, b) Abdominal cavity, c) Pelvic cavity
3. a) Cranial cavity, b) Spinal (Vertebral) cavity
4. Pelvic cavity
5.
a) superior
b) superficial
c) lateral
d) distal
e) inferior
f) superior
g) proximal
h) anterior
i) superior
j) proximal
k) inferior
l) distal
m) anterior
n) lateral
o) lateral
p) posterior
6. d) structure, function
7. b) cytology