Educational worksheet on ancient civilizations featuring drawings, fill-in-the-blank questions, and matching exercises.

Let's solve each part of this worksheet step by step and explain the answers.

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1. What civilizations do these drawings represent? Name them.

We have four profile drawings:

1. First drawing (leftmost):
- A person wearing a headdress with a cobra (uraeus) and a distinctive Egyptian-style headpiece.
→ This is Ancient Egypt.

2. Second drawing:
- A person with a classical Greek hairstyle and clothing, possibly a helmet or crown.
→ This represents Ancient Greece.

3. Third drawing:
- A figure with a horned helmet and long beard — typical Viking imagery.
→ This represents the Vikings (Norse Civilization).

4. Fourth drawing:
- A man in a toga-like garment with a beard, resembling Roman busts.
→ This represents Ancient Rome.

✔ Answers:
- 1. Ancient Egypt
- 2. Ancient Greece
- 3. Vikings (Norse)
- 4. Ancient Rome

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2. Complete the following sentences with the right answer.

a) Greek society lived in a _________.
→ Greeks lived in city-states (called *polis*).
✔ Answer: city-state

b) The Roman coin was called _________.
→ The most common Roman coin was the denarius.
✔ Answer: denarius

c) Ra is the Egyptian God of the _________.
→ Ra is the sun god in Egyptian mythology.
✔ Answer: sun

d) ___________ was not a real Viking God.
→ Among the listed gods, Iris is not a Viking god — she’s a Greek goddess (messenger of the gods, associated with rainbows).
✔ Answer: Iris

> Note: Odin, Mars, Hera are all from different mythologies — but Iris is definitely not Norse/Viking.

✔ Final Answer: Iris

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3. Label each civilization with its period of existence.

We are given four time periods and four images (with symbols):

#### Images:
- Pyramid + Egyptian pharaoh: → Ancient Egypt
- Roman aqueduct + Roman man: → Ancient Rome
- Greek temple + Greek man: → Ancient Greece
- Viking ship + Viking helmet: → Vikings

Now match each to correct time period:

- Ancient Egypt: Flourished around 3150 B.C. – 31 B.C. (end of Ptolemaic dynasty)
→ ✔ 3150 b.C - 31 b.C

- Ancient Greece: Classical period from 8th century B.C. to 476 B.C. (fall of Western Roman Empire marks end of ancient era; Greece declined after 323 B.C., but the timeline here likely refers to the Greek city-states' peak)
→ ✔ 8th century - 476 a.C (Note: "a.C" means "after Christ", so this is actually B.C., but written as "a.C" — probably typo or convention)

Wait: "a.C" usually means "anno Christi" = AD. But here it seems misused.

Let’s clarify:

- 8th century - 476 a.C → That would be 800–476 BC → This is correct for Ancient Greece (especially Archaic and Classical periods).
- 13th century B.C - 323 B.C → This covers Egyptian New Kingdom (13th century B.C.) and ends at Alexander the Great’s death (323 B.C.), which fits Egypt, but we already used Egypt with 3150–31 B.C.

Hmm — let’s reassign carefully.

Look at the options:

1. 8th century - 476 a.C → 800–476 BC → This matches Ancient Greece (Archaic and Classical periods)
2. 13th century B.C - 323 B.C → 1200–323 BC → This includes Late Bronze Age to Hellenistic period — overlaps with Egypt, Greece, and Rome — but especially Egypt during the Late Period
3. 793 a.C - 1066 or 1085 a.C → 793–1066/1085 AD → This is the Viking Age (started 793 AD with raid on Lindisfarne, ended ~1066 AD with Battle of Hastings)
4. 3150 b.C - 31 b.C → This is the duration of Ancient Egypt (from unification to Roman conquest)

So now assign:

- Pyramid + Pharaoh → Ancient Egypt → ✔ 3150 b.C - 31 b.C
- Greek temple + man → Ancient Greece → ✔ 8th century - 476 a.C (i.e., 800–476 BC)
- Roman aqueduct + man → Ancient Rome → When did Rome exist?
→ Roman Kingdom: 753–509 BC
→ Roman Republic: 509–27 BC
→ Roman Empire: 27 BC – 476 AD
So 3150–31 BC is too early, 800–476 BC is only up to late Republic, but 793–1066 AD is Viking, not Roman.

Wait — 793 a.C - 1066 a.C → That’s 793 AD to 1066 AD → that’s Viking Age, not Roman.

But Roman Empire lasted until 476 AD (Western), so:

- Roman Empire → 27 BC – 476 AD
But the closest option is 8th century - 476 a.C → that’s 800–476 BC — too early.

Wait — there's confusion in labeling.

Let’s look again:

The time periods listed:

- 8th century - 476 a.C → 800–476 BC → Ancient Greece (correct)
- 13th century b.C - 323 b.C → 1200–323 BC → This includes Late Bronze Age Egypt, New Kingdom decline, Persian rule, and Alexander the Great — could fit Egypt or Greece
- 793 a.C - 1066 or 1085 a.C → 793–1066 AD → Viking Age → ✔ Vikings
- 3150 b.C - 31 b.C → Ancient Egypt (entire duration)

So now:

- Egypt: 3150 BC – 31 BC → ✔ 3150 b.C - 31 b.C
- Greece: 800–476 BC → ✔ 8th century - 476 a.C
- Vikings: 793–1066 AD → ✔ 793 a.C - 1066 or 1085 a.C
- Rome: ??? → The only one left is 13th century b.C - 323 b.C → 1200–323 BC

But Rome started around 753 BC. So 1200–323 BC includes early Rome, but also Greek and Egyptian periods.

However, note that Roman Republic began in 509 BC, and Roman Empire in 27 BC.

But the Roman Republic lasted until 27 BC, and Roman Empire until 476 AD.

So no exact match?

Wait — perhaps the intended answer is:

- Ancient Egypt: 3150–31 BC → ✔
- Ancient Greece: 8th century – 476 BC → ✔
- Ancient Rome: 793–1066 AD? No — that’s Viking!

Wait — something’s wrong.

Let’s check the Roman Empire timeline:

- Roman Empire: 27 BC – 476 AD (West)

But none of the options say that.

Wait — 793 a.C - 1066 a.C → 793–1066 AD → Viking Age → ✔ Vikings

So Vikings get that.

Then what about Rome?

Only remaining option: 13th century b.C - 323 b.C → 1200–323 BC

This is before Rome became powerful — Rome existed in 1200 BC? Yes, but it was a kingdom then.

But 1200–323 BC includes:

- Late Bronze Age
- Iron Age
- Rise of Rome
- Greek Classical period
- Macedonian Empire

But Rome as a major power starts later.

Perhaps the worksheet intends:

- Ancient Greece: 8th century – 476 BC → ✔
- Ancient Egypt: 3150–31 BC → ✔
- Vikings: 793–1066 AD → ✔
- Ancient Rome: 13th century B.C – 323 B.C → ✘ Doesn’t fit

Wait — maybe the 13th century B.C – 323 B.C is meant for Egypt?

But Egypt had 3150–31 BC.

So conflict.

Alternatively, perhaps:

- Egypt: 3150–31 BC → ✔
- Greece: 8th century – 476 BC → ✔
- Rome: 793–1066 AD? No — that’s Viking.

Wait — maybe the Roman Empire is matched with 793–1066 AD? But that’s not accurate.

Actually, 793 AD is when the Viking raids began, so Viking Age.

So the only logical assignment:

| Civilization | Image | Time Period |
|-------------|-------|------------|
| Ancient Egypt | Pyramid + Pharaoh | 3150 b.C - 31 b.C |
| Ancient Greece | Temple + Greek man | 8th century - 476 a.C (i.e., 800–476 BC) |
| Vikings | Viking ship + helmet | 793 a.C - 1066 or 1085 a.C (793–1066 AD) |
| Ancient Rome | Aqueduct + Roman man | 13th century b.C - 323 b.C |

But wait — Rome didn’t dominate until later. However, the Roman Republic existed from 509 BC to 27 BC, and Roman Empire until 476 AD.

So 13th century B.C – 323 B.C is too early for Rome to be dominant.

But perhaps the worksheet is using 13th century B.C – 323 B.C for Ancient Greece? But Greece already has 800–476 BC.

Wait — maybe the 13th century B.C – 323 B.C is for Egypt?

But Egypt is 3150–31 BC.

So both Egypt and Greece overlap.

But Egypt is best matched with 3150–31 BC.

Greece with 8th century–476 BC.

Vikings with 793–1066 AD.

That leaves Rome with 13th century B.C – 323 B.C — even though it’s not perfect.

But Rome existed in 13th century BC (as a small settlement), and 323 BC is during the Republic.

So perhaps it’s acceptable.

Alternatively, maybe 13th century B.C – 323 B.C is meant for Egypt? But Egypt already has 3150–31 BC.

No — better to assign:

- Egypt: 3150–31 BC
- Greece: 8th century–476 BC
- Rome: 13th century B.C – 323 B.C → Not ideal, but possible if considering broader Mediterranean history
- Vikings: 793–1066 AD

But 793–1066 AD is Viking Age, so Vikings get that.

And Rome must go to 13th century B.C – 323 B.C — even though it’s not precise.

Wait — another idea: maybe 13th century B.C – 323 B.C is for Egypt, since 323 BC is when Alexander the Great died, and Egypt was under his control.

But Egypt existed earlier.

But 3150–31 BC is the full span.

So perhaps the worksheet has a mistake.

But based on standard timelines:

✔ Best assignments:

- Ancient Egypt: 3150 b.C - 31 b.C → ✔
- Ancient Greece: 8th century - 476 a.C → ✔ (800–476 BC)
- Ancient Rome: 13th century b.C - 323 b.C → ✘ (too early; Rome not yet empire)
- Vikings: 793 a.C - 1066 or 1085 a.C → ✔ (793–1066 AD)

But Rome should be 27 BC – 476 AD, which isn't listed.

Wait — maybe 793–1066 AD is for Rome? No — that’s Viking Age.

Wait — perhaps the Roman Empire is meant to be matched with 793–1066 AD? But 793 AD is after the fall of Western Roman Empire (476 AD).

So impossible.

Therefore, only possibility is:

- Egypt: 3150–31 BC
- Greece: 8th century–476 BC
- Vikings: 793–1066 AD
- Rome: 13th century B.C – 323 B.C → Even though it's not perfect, it's the only one left.

But 13th century B.C – 323 B.C is 1200–323 BC, which includes early Rome, but also Greek Classical era, Hellenistic period, etc.

So perhaps it's meant for Mediterranean world, but not specific.

Alternatively, maybe 13th century B.C – 323 B.C is for Egypt?

But Egypt already has 3150–31 BC.

So perhaps the 13th century B.C – 323 B.C is for Ancient Greece?

But Greece has 8th century–476 BC.

Wait — 8th century BC is 800–700 BC, which is within 13th century BC? No — 13th century BC is 1200–1100 BC.

So 8th century BC is 800–701 BC, which is later than 13th century BC.

So:

- 13th century B.C = 1200–1101 BC
- 8th century B.C = 800–701 BC

So they don't overlap.

So 13th century B.C – 323 B.C = 1200–323 BC → includes Egypt, Greece, Rome

But Egypt has 3150–31 BC → so 1200–323 BC is part of it.

But the full span is 3150–31 BC.

So best match:

- Ancient Egypt: 3150 b.C - 31 b.C
- Ancient Greece: 8th century - 476 a.C (800–476 BC)
- Ancient Rome: 13th century b.C - 323 b.C → Not great, but perhaps accepted
- Vikings: 793 a.C - 1066 or 1085 a.C → ✔

But 793–1066 AD is Viking Age, so Vikings → ✔

And Rome gets the leftover.

But Rome should be 27 BC – 476 AD, which is not listed.

So likely, the worksheet has a typo or uses approximate dates.

Given that, the most logical matching is:

| Image | Civilization | Time Period |
|------|--------------|-----------|
| Pyramid + Pharaoh | Ancient Egypt | 3150 b.C - 31 b.C |
| Greek temple + man | Ancient Greece | 8th century - 476 a.C |
| Roman aqueduct + man | Ancient Rome | 13th century b.C - 323 b.C |
| Viking ship + helmet | Vikings | 793 a.C - 1066 or 1085 a.C |

Even though the Rome date is off, it's the only one left.

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4. EXTRA! Match Gods and Goddesses with their powers.

We have four images:

1. Woman in white dress holding staff → Looks like Hera, Greek goddess of women, marriage, childbirth.
2. Warrior in red armor, sword, fire → Likely Mars, Roman god of war.
3. Winged figure with Egyptian headdress → Iris, but wait — Iris is Greek, not Egyptian. Wait — this looks like Hathor or Isis, but the label says "Iris, Egyptian goddess..." — that's wrong.

Wait — the labels are:

- Odin, Viking god of gods, war and death
- Iris, Egyptian goddess of healing and magic
- Hera, Greek goddess of women, marriage and childbirth
- Mars, Roman god of war

But Iris is Greek, not Egyptian. And Iris is messenger goddess, not healing/magic.

Also, Odin is Viking — yes.

Hera — Greek — yes.

Mars — Roman — yes.

But Iris is not Egyptian — she’s Greek.

And the image labeled “Iris” is Egyptian-looking — wings, headdress, hieroglyphs.

So likely, the image is Hathor or Isis, but the label says Iris — which is incorrect.

But the task is to match the images to the descriptions.

Let’s analyze:

- Image 1 (woman in white): Looks like Hera (Greek goddess) → matches "Hera, Greek goddess of women, marriage and childbirth"
- Image 2 (warrior in red): Looks like Mars (Roman god of war) → matches "Mars, Roman god of war"
- Image 3 (winged Egyptian figure): Looks like Hathor or Isis, but labeled as Iris — but Iris is Greek, not Egyptian. Also, Iris is messenger, not healing/magic. Healing/magic might be Heket or Thoth, but not Iris.

But the label says: "Iris, Egyptian goddess of healing and magic" — this is false.

Iris is Greek, and her domain is messenger, rainbows, communication.

So likely, the image is Isis, Egyptian goddess of magic, healing, motherhood.

But the label says "Iris" — which is a mistake.

Similarly, Odin is Viking — the image shows a horned helmet, long beard, staff — classic Odin.

So:

- Image 1 (white dress): → Hera
- Image 2 (red warrior): → Mars
- Image 3 (winged Egyptian): → Should be Isis, but labeled as Iris — error
- Image 4 (Odin): → Odin

But the instruction is to match the images to the descriptions below.

So:

- Image 1 → Hera, Greek goddess of women, marriage and childbirth → ✔
- Image 2 → Mars, Roman god of war → ✔
- Image 3 → Iris, Egyptian goddess of healing and magic → ✘ Incorrect — Iris is not Egyptian
- Image 4 → Odin, Viking god of gods, war and death → ✔

But the description says "Iris, Egyptian goddess..." — which is false.

So likely, the label is wrong, but we must match the image to the description.

So:

- Image 1: Woman in white → matches Hera
- Image 2: Warrior → matches Mars
- Image 3: Winged Egyptian → matches Iris? No — not Egyptian, and not Iris.

Wait — perhaps the image is meant to be Iris, but drawn as Egyptian? Unlikely.

Alternatively, maybe the label is Isis, but written as "Iris"?

Or perhaps it's a mistake.

But the text says: "Iris, Egyptian goddess of healing and magic"

But Iris is Greek, and not a goddess of healing/magic — she’s a messenger.

So this is incorrect.

But for the purpose of the worksheet, we assume the image is Iris, even if it looks Egyptian.

But it doesn’t make sense.

Alternatively, perhaps the image is Hathor or Isis, and the label should be Isis, but it says Iris.

So likely, the matching is:

- Image 1: → Hera
- Image 2: → Mars
- Image 3: → Iris (even though it’s wrong)
- Image 4: → Odin

But that’s not accurate.

Perhaps the image is Iris, but drawn in Egyptian style? Unlikely.

Another possibility: the winged figure is Horus or Ra, but the description says "Iris".

But the description says "Iris, Egyptian goddess..." — which is false.

So probably, the intended match is:

- Image 1: → Hera
- Image 2: → Mars
- Image 3: → Iris (but this is wrong)
- Image 4: → Odin

But since the worksheet says "match these Gods and Goddesses and their powers", and provides the descriptions, we must pair the images with the descriptions.

So:

- Image 1 (woman in white): → Hera, Greek goddess of women, marriage and childbirth → ✔
- Image 2 (warrior): → Mars, Roman god of war → ✔
- Image 3 (winged Egyptian): → Iris, Egyptian goddess of healing and magic → ✘ (but we have to match it)
- Image 4 (Odin): → Odin, Viking god of gods, war and death → ✔

So despite the inaccuracy, the matching is:

- Image 1 → Hera
- Image 2 → Mars
- Image 3 → Iris
- Image 4 → Odin

But the label is wrong — Iris is not Egyptian.

So likely, the worksheet has an error.

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✔ Final Answers:

#### 1. Civilizations:
1. Ancient Egypt
2. Ancient Greece
3. Vikings (Norse)
4. Ancient Rome

#### 2. Fill in the blanks:
a) city-state
b) denarius
c) sun
d) Iris

#### 3. Match civilizations to time periods:
- Ancient Egypt → 3150 b.C - 31 b.C
- Ancient Greece → 8th century - 476 a.C
- Ancient Rome → 13th century b.C - 323 b.C
- Vikings → 793 a.C - 1066 or 1085 a.C

*(Note: Rome's period is approximate; actual Roman Empire was 27 BC – 476 AD)*

#### 4. Match images to descriptions:
- Image 1 → Hera, Greek goddess of women, marriage and childbirth
- Image 2 → Mars, Roman god of war
- Image 3 → Iris, Egyptian goddess of healing and magic *(note: this is historically inaccurate — Iris is Greek, not Egyptian)*
- Image 4 → Odin, Viking god of gods, war and death

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⚠️ Important Note: There are historical inaccuracies in the worksheet:
- Iris is Greek, not Egyptian.
- Iris is not a goddess of healing/magic — she is a messenger.
- The time period for Rome is not accurate.

But for the purpose of completing the worksheet, the above answers are the best matches based on the provided options.