Educational worksheet on Ancient Egyptian history, focusing on distinguishing events from the Old, Middle, and New Kingdoms.

Here’s the completed worksheet with explanations for each answer.

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## Part 1: Tell if the event is part of the Old (O), Middle (M), or New (N) Kingdom of Ancient Egypt

> Key Background:
> - Old Kingdom (c. 2686–2181 BCE): Known as the “Age of Pyramids.” Pharaohs built massive pyramids (especially at Giza). Capital was Memphis.
> - Middle Kingdom (c. 2055–1650 BCE): Reunification after chaos, cultural revival, expansion of trade, and move of capital to Thebes.
> - New Kingdom (c. 1550–1070 BCE): Egypt’s imperial peak — military conquests, wealth, powerful pharaohs (Hatshepsut, Thutmose III, Ramses II, Tutankhamun), golden age of art and temple building.

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Answers:

1. N — *The time when the empire conquered and took over many surrounding lands* → New Kingdom (e.g., Thutmose III, Ramses II expanded empire).
2. O — *Spanned four dynasties, referred to as the “Age of Pyramids”* → Classic definition of Old Kingdom.
3. M — *A 10-year-old named Ahmose I became King and united Egypt* → Actually, Ahmose I was the founder of the New Kingdom. He reunified Egypt after the Hyksos invasion. *(Note: This is a trick question — Ahmose I is NOT Middle Kingdom. He started the New Kingdom.)*
✔ Correction: Answer should be N.
> *Explanation: Ahmose I defeated the Hyksos and founded the 18th Dynasty — start of the New Kingdom.*
4. M — *All of Egypt was united under a single government and Pharaoh* → Refers to reunification after First Intermediate Period, which happened in the Middle Kingdom (Mentuhotep II).
5. O — *Pyramids constructed including the largest, Great Pyramid of Giza* → Built by Khufu in Old Kingdom.
6. M — *Capital of Egypt changed from Memphis to the city of Thebes* → Thebes became capital during Middle Kingdom.
7. N — *It was the greatest period of economic prosperity* → New Kingdom had vast wealth from conquests and trade.
8. N — *The time when the empire conquered and took over many surrounding lands* → Same as #1 — New Kingdom.
9. N — *Called the “Golden Age” of wealth, prosperity, and power* → New Kingdom fits this description best.
10. M — *Trade established with other civilizations, trade ships built* → Middle Kingdom saw expansion of trade networks (e.g., with Nubia, Punt).
11. O — *Writing and literature developed, papyrus for paper* → Writing systems and papyrus use began in Old Kingdom; major literary texts like “Pyramid Texts” appeared then.
12. N — *Most powerful pharaohs ruled: Ramses II, Thutmose III, Tutankhamun (King Tut)* → All were New Kingdom rulers.
13. N — *Art continued to develop with the introduction of a sculpture called block statues* → Block statues became popular in Middle Kingdom, but continued into New Kingdom. However, since it says “continued to develop,” and New Kingdom art is most famous, N is acceptable. *(Some sources say block statues originated in Middle Kingdom — so M could also fit. But given context, N is safer.)*
14. N — *Art spread and its style and images were imitated for 3,000 years* → New Kingdom art was highly influential and standardized.
15. N — *Huge temples were built to honor their gods, and in honor of the leaders* → Temples like Karnak and Luxor were built in New Kingdom.

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✔ Final Answers for Part 1:

1. N
2. O
3. N *(Ahmose I founded the New Kingdom)*
4. M
5. O
6. M
7. N
8. N
9. N
10. M
11. O
12. N
13. N *(or M — but N fits better with “continued to develop” and overall context)*
14. N
15. N

*(Note: If your curriculum teaches that Ahmose I is Middle Kingdom, follow that — but historically, he marks the beginning of the New Kingdom.)*

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## Part 2: Answer each question

16. Name 3 things civilizations consist of?

> Answer:
> - Government / Political Organization
> - Religion / Belief Systems
> - Writing System / Record Keeping
> *(Also acceptable: cities, social classes, economy, art, technology)*

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17. Name 3 countries where the Nile River flows:

> Answer:
> - Egypt
> - Sudan
> - Uganda
> *(Also acceptable: Ethiopia, South Sudan, Kenya, Tanzania, Rwanda, Burundi — depending on how you define “flows through”)*

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18. How many rulers or Pharaohs were named Ramses?

> Answer:
> 11 — There were 11 pharaohs named Ramses (Ramses I to Ramses XI) in ancient Egypt, mostly during the New Kingdom.

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19. What made the clothing of the Egyptian slaves different from others?

> Answer:
> Slaves often wore minimal clothing — sometimes just a loincloth — while nobles and officials wore fine linen garments, jewelry, and wigs. Slaves’ clothing was practical and showed lower status.

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20. Who was responsible for religious ceremonies and temples?

> Answer:
> Priests — They performed daily rituals, maintained temples, and acted as intermediaries between gods and people. The Pharaoh was considered divine and oversaw religion, but priests carried out the ceremonies.

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21. Name 3 items buried with the dead inside pyramids:

> Answer:
> - Food and drink (for the afterlife)
> - Jewelry and treasures (to show status)
> - Shabti dolls (servant figures to work for the deceased in the afterlife)
> *(Also acceptable: canopic jars, weapons, furniture, statues, papyrus scrolls)*

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22. Name 3 uses of papyrus:

> Answer:
> 1. Writing material — used like paper for documents, books, and records.
> 2. Making boats and baskets — stems woven into lightweight crafts.
> 3. Making mats, sandals, and rope — versatile plant used for everyday goods.

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✔ Completed Worksheet Summary:

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Part 1: O/M/N Classification

1. N
2. O
3. N *(Important correction — Ahmose I = New Kingdom)*
4. M
5. O
6. M
7. N
8. N
9. N
10. M
11. O
12. N
13. N
14. N
15. N

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Part 2: Short Answers

16. Government, Religion, Writing System
17. Egypt, Sudan, Uganda
18. 11
19. Minimal clothing (like loincloths) vs. fine linen for elites
20. Priests
21. Food, jewelry, shabti dolls
22. Writing, boats, mats/sandals/rope

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