Science quiz on rocks, minerals, and soil with multiple-choice questions.

Let's solve each question from the worksheet step by step and explain the reasoning behind each answer.

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Question 1: Igneous rock is formed from:

Options:
a) Crystals left behind when water evaporated
b) Meteorites that fell to earth
c) Melted rock material that cooled and hardened
d) Layers of sediment that were squeezed together

✔ Correct Answer: c) Melted rock material that cooled and hardened

Explanation:
Igneous rocks are formed when molten rock (magma or lava) cools and solidifies. This process can happen underground (intrusive igneous rocks) or on the surface (extrusive igneous rocks). The other options describe different types of rocks:
- a) Describes mineral deposits from evaporation (like salt).
- b) Meteorites are extraterrestrial, not related to Earth’s rock formation.
- d) Describes sedimentary rocks.

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Question 2: Sedimentary rock that contains minerals such as calcite and magnesium

Options:
a) Granite
b) Pumice
c) Dolomite
d) Gneiss

✔ Correct Answer: c) Dolomite

Explanation:
Dolomite is a type of sedimentary rock composed mainly of the mineral dolomite, which is calcium magnesium carbonate (CaMg(CO₃)₂). It often forms in marine environments and contains both calcite and magnesium.

- a) Granite is an igneous rock (not sedimentary).
- b) Pumice is a volcanic (igneous) rock.
- d) Gneiss is a metamorphic rock.

So only dolomite fits the description.

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Question 3: We can conserve fossil fuels by using ________

Options:
a) Wind energy
b) Coal
c) Petroleum
d) Ores

✔ Correct Answer: a) Wind energy

Explanation:
Fossil fuels (like coal, petroleum, natural gas) are non-renewable resources. To conserve them, we use renewable energy sources like wind energy, solar, hydro, etc.

- b) Coal – a fossil fuel; using it does not conserve fossil fuels.
- c) Petroleum – also a fossil fuel.
- d) Ores – raw materials for metals, not an energy source like fossil fuels.

Wind energy is clean and renewable, so using it reduces dependence on fossil fuels.

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Question 4: The rock light in colour and has coarse grains is called:

Options:
a) Basalt
b) Granite
c) Fossil
d) Coral

✔ Correct Answer: b) Granite

Explanation:
Granite is a common igneous rock that is typically light-colored (due to minerals like quartz and feldspar) and has coarse-grained texture because it forms slowly underground, allowing large crystals to grow.

- a) Basalt – dark-colored, fine-grained (forms quickly on the surface).
- c) Fossil – not a rock type, but remains of ancient organisms preserved in rock.
- d) Coral – a marine organism; coral reefs form limestone, but coral itself is not a rock.

So, granite matches the description best.

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✔ Final Answers:

1. c) Melted rock material that cooled and hardened
2. c) Dolomite
3. a) Wind energy
4. b) Granite

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