1.1.1-1.1.5 - The Skeletal System Review - Eli Prochnau | Library ... - Free Printable

Let's solve this step-by-step based on the image and the instructions provided.

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1.1.1 - The Axial & Appendicular Skeleton

#### Task 1: Identify which structures are of the axial skeleton and which are of the appendicular skeleton

Definitions:
- Axial Skeleton: The central core of the body — includes the skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum.
- Appendicular Skeleton: The limbs and girdles — includes the bones of the arms, legs, shoulder girdle (clavicle, scapula), and pelvic girdle (hip bones).

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✔ Axial Skeleton Structures (from the checklist):

These are part of the central axis of the body:
1. Skull/Cranium (11)
2. Mandible (15) – lower jaw
3. Vertebral Column – each section (12)
4. Ribs (2)
5. Sternum (6)
6. Sacrum (10)

> Note: The sacrum is part of the axial skeleton because it is fused with the vertebral column.

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✔ Appendicular Skeleton Structures (from the checklist):

These are the limbs and their attachments:
1. Clavicle (1)
2. Scapula (21)
3. Humerus (3)
4. Ulna (4)
5. Radius (5)
6. Carpals (20)
7. Metacarpals (7)
8. Phalanges (8 & 18) – fingers and toes
9. Ilium (9)
10. Pubis (19)
11. Ischium (24)
12. Femur (23)
13. Patella (13)
14. Tibia (14)
15. Fibula (22)
16. Tarsals (16)
17. Metatarsals (17)

> Note: The hip bone is made up of three fused bones: ilium, ischium, and pubis. All are part of the appendicular skeleton.

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🔍 Summary Table:

| Bone | Type |
|------|------|
| 1. Clavicle | Appendicular |
| 2. Ribs | Axial |
| 3. Humerus | Appendicular |
| 4. Ulna | Appendicular |
| 5. Radius | Appendicular |
| 6. Sternum | Axial |
| 7. Metacarpals | Appendicular |
| 8. Phalanges (hands) | Appendicular |
| 9. Ilium | Appendicular |
| 10. Sacrum | Axial |
| 11. Skull/Cranium | Axial |
| 12. Vertebral Column | Axial |
| 13. Patella | Appendicular |
| 14. Tibia | Appendicular |
| 15. Mandible | Axial |
| 16. Tarsals | Appendicular |
| 17. Metatarsals | Appendicular |
| 18. Phalanges (feet) | Appendicular |
| 19. Pubis | Appendicular |
| 20. Carpals | Appendicular |
| 21. Scapula | Appendicular |
| 22. Fibula | Appendicular |
| 23. Femur | Appendicular |
| 24. Ischium | Appendicular |

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#### Task 2: Label the blank skeletal diagram using the bone checklist

Now we’ll label both diagrams (front and back views). Let’s go line by line from top to bottom.

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🧠 Front View Diagram (Left):

1. Top of head → Skull/Cranium (11)
2. Lower jaw → Mandible (15)
3. Neck bone (top of spine) → Cervical Vertebrae (part of 12)
4. Rib cage → Ribs (2)
5. Breastbone → Sternum (6)
6. Upper arm → Humerus (3)
7. Forearm (inner side) → Ulna (4)
8. Forearm (outer side) → Radius (5)
9. Wrist bones → Carpals (20)
10. Hand bones (between wrist and fingers) → Metacarpals (7)
11. Fingers → Phalanges (8)
12. Hip bone (upper part) → Ilium (9)
13. Pelvic bone (pubic area) → Pubis (19)
14. Thigh bone → Femur (23)
15. Knee cap → Patella (13)
16. Shin bone (larger leg bone) → Tibia (14)
17. Smaller leg bone (behind tibia) → Fibula (22)
18. Ankle bones → Tarsals (16)
19. Foot bones (between ankle and toes) → Metatarsals (17)
20. Toes → Phalanges (18)

> Note: The Clavicle (1) is at the shoulder, connecting the scapula to the sternum. It should be labeled near the collarbone.

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🧠 Back View Diagram (Right):

1. Top of head → Skull/Cranium (11)
2. Neck vertebrae → Cervical Vertebrae (12)
3. Shoulder blade → Scapula (21)
4. Upper back vertebrae → Thoracic Vertebrae (12)
5. Lower back vertebrae → Lumbar Vertebrae (12)
6. Sacral region → Sacrum (10)
7. Tailbone → Coccyx (part of 12)
8. Hip bones (ilium) → Ilium (9)
9. Pelvis (pubic symphysis) → Pubis (19)
10. Buttocks area (ischium) → Ischium (24)
11. Arm bones → Humerus (3), Ulna (4), Radius (5)
12. Hands → Carpals, Metacarpals, Phalanges
13. Legs → Femur (23), Patella (13), Tibia (14), Fibula (22)
14. Feet → Tarsals, Metatarsals, Phalanges

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✔ Final Labeled Diagrams (Answer Key)

#### Front View Labels (from top to bottom):
1. Skull/Cranium
2. Mandible
3. Clavicle
4. Ribs
5. Sternum
6. Humerus
7. Ulna
8. Radius
9. Carpals
10. Metacarpals
11. Phalanges (hand)
12. Ilium
13. Pubis
14. Femur
15. Patella
16. Tibia
17. Fibula
18. Tarsals
19. Metatarsals
20. Phalanges (foot)

#### Back View Labels:
1. Skull/Cranium
2. Cervical Vertebrae
3. Scapula
4. Thoracic Vertebrae
5. Lumbar Vertebrae
6. Sacrum
7. Coccyx
8. Ilium
9. Ischium
10. Pubis
11. Humerus
12. Ulna
13. Radius
14. Carpals
15. Metacarpals
16. Phalanges
17. Femur
18. Patella
19. Tibia
20. Fibula
21. Tarsals
22. Metatarsals
23. Phalanges

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✔ Summary Answer:

#### 1. Axial vs. Appendicular Skeleton:
- Axial Skeleton: Skull, Mandible, Vertebral Column, Ribs, Sternum, Sacrum
- Appendicular Skeleton: Clavicle, Scapula, Humerus, Radius, Ulna, Carpals, Metacarpals, Phalanges, Ilium, Pubis, Ischium, Femur, Patella, Tibia, Fibula, Tarsals, Metatarsals

#### 2. Labeled Diagrams:
Use the above labels to fill in the blanks on both diagrams.

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✔ Final Tip: When labeling, make sure you’re matching the number of lines to the correct bones. For example, there are two phalange labels (one for hands, one for feet), so use both.

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