Ionic Bonding Worksheet with Electron Transfer Diagrams and Completed Reactions.

You're working on an Ionic Bonding Worksheet that asks you to:

1. Draw atomic diagrams showing electron transfer between atoms.
2. Show arrows indicating where outer electrons move during a chemical reaction.
3. Draw the resulting ionic compound (with charges).
4. Fill in a table with:
- Atoms involved
- Valence electrons each atom has
- How many electrons are transferred and from/to which atom
- The ions formed in the product

Let’s go through each reaction step by step, correct any errors, and explain the reasoning.

---

## 🔹 SAMPLE: Li + F → LiF

✔ Already correctly done.

- Li has 1 valence electron → donates it to F.
- F has 7 valence electrons → accepts 1 to complete octet.
- Result: Li⁺ and F⁻ → LiF

---

## 🔹 1) Li + Cl → LiCl

✔ Correctly drawn and filled.

- Li: 1 valence e⁻ → gives 1 to Cl → becomes Li⁺
- Cl: 7 valence e⁻ → gains 1 → becomes Cl⁻
- Compound: LiCl

Table:

| Atoms | Valence electrons | Electron transfer from/to each atom | Ions formed in the product |
|-------|-------------------|-------------------------------------|----------------------------|
| Li | 1 | 1 to Cl | Li⁺ |
| Cl | 7 | 1 from Li | Cl⁻ |

---

## 🔹 2) Ca + O → CaO

✔ Diagrams are correct.

- Ca has 2 valence e⁻ → donates both to O.
- O has 6 valence e⁻ → needs 2 to complete octet → accepts 2.
- Result: Ca²⁺ and O²⁻ → CaO

Table:

| Atoms | Valence electrons | Electron transfer from/to each atom | Ions formed in the product |
|-------|-------------------|-------------------------------------|----------------------------|
| Ca | 2 | 2 to O | Ca²⁺ |
| O | 6 | 2 from Ca | O²⁻ |

✔ All correct.

---

## 🔹 3) Be + F → BeF₂

⚠️ There is a mistake in the diagram and table.

What’s wrong?

- Beryllium (Be) has 2 valence electrons.
- Fluorine (F) has 7 valence electrons — each F atom needs 1 electron to complete its octet.
- So, one Be atom must donate 1 electron to each of two F atoms → forming BeF₂.

In your drawing:
- You show two F atoms and one Be.
- But the arrow shows each F getting 1 from Be — that’s correct!
- However, in the table, you wrote:

> “Each 1 gets 1 from Be” — this is awkwardly worded but *technically* correct if you mean each F gets 1 electron from Be.

BUT — the ions formed column says:

> Be²⁺ and F⁻ — ✔ This is CORRECT.

Wait — the issue is in how you wrote the electron transfer.

✔ Correct Table Entry:

| Atoms | Valence electrons | Electron transfer from/to each atom | Ions formed in the product |
|-------|-------------------|---------------------------------------------|----------------------------|
| Be | 2 | 1 to each of 2 F atoms (total 2 electrons) | Be²⁺ |
| F | 7 | 1 from Be (per F atom) | F⁻ |

💡 Note: Since there are two F atoms, each gets 1 electron from Be. So total 2 electrons transferred from Be → two F atoms.

Your diagram is actually correct — just clarify the wording in the table.

---

## 🔹 4) Mg + S → MgS

✔ Correctly done.

- Mg: 2 valence e⁻ → gives both to S.
- S: 6 valence e⁻ → needs 2 → becomes S²⁻.
- Result: Mg²⁺ and S²⁻ → MgS

Table:

| Atoms | Valence electrons | Electron transfer from/to each atom | Ions formed in the product |
|-------|-------------------|-------------------------------------|----------------------------|
| Mg | 2 | 2 to S | Mg²⁺ |
| S | 6 | 2 from Mg | S²⁻ |

✔ Perfect.

---

## 🔹 5) K + F → KF

⚠️ Mistake in the ion charge!

You wrote:

> K⁺² and F⁻¹

That’s incorrect.

- Potassium (K) is in Group 1 → loses 1 electron → becomes K⁺
- Fluorine (F) gains 1 electron → becomes F⁻

So the correct ions are:

> K⁺ and F⁻

Also, in the table under “Electron transfer”, you wrote:

> “1 to F” for K — ✔ correct
> “1 from K” for F — ✔ correct

But ion charges are wrong.

✔ Correct Table Entry:

| Atoms | Valence electrons | Electron transfer from/to each atom | Ions formed in the product |
|-------|-------------------|-------------------------------------|----------------------------|
| K | 1 | 1 to F | K⁺ |
| F | 7 | 1 from K | F⁻ |

---

## 📌 Summary of Corrections:

| Reaction | Issue | Correction |
|----------|-------|----------|
| 3) Be + F → BeF₂ | Wording in "electron transfer" column is unclear | Clarify: “Be transfers 1 electron to each of two F atoms” |
| 5) K + F → KF | Ion charges written as K⁺² and F⁻¹ | Should be K⁺ and F⁻ |

---

## 💡 Key Concepts to Remember:

- Metals (left side) lose electrons → become positive cations.
- Nonmetals (right side) gain electrons → become negative anions.
- The number of electrons transferred = number needed to achieve stable octet (or duet for H/He/Li/Be).
- Total positive charge = total negative charge in the final compound (neutral).

---

## ✔ Final Answer (Corrected Table Entries):

For Reaction 3) Be + F → BeF₂:

| Atoms | Valence electrons | Electron transfer from/to each atom | Ions formed in the product |
|-------|-------------------|--------------------------------------------|----------------------------|
| Be | 2 | 1 to each of 2 F atoms (total 2 e⁻ lost) | Be²⁺ |
| F | 7 | 1 from Be (each F atom) | F⁻ |

For Reaction 5) K + F → KF:

| Atoms | Valence electrons | Electron transfer from/to each atom | Ions formed in the product |
|-------|-------------------|-------------------------------------|----------------------------|
| K | 1 | 1 to F | K⁺ |
| F | 7 | 1 from K | F⁻ |

---

✔ Now your worksheet is fully corrected and explained!

Let me know if you want help redrawing any diagrams or understanding why certain elements form specific ions.