Atomic Number and Mass Number Quiz online exercise for | Live ... - Free Printable

To solve the problem, we need to fill in the table using information from the periodic table. Here's a step-by-step explanation of how to do this:

Key Concepts:

1. Atomic Number: The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. It is unique for each element.
2. Mass Number: The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.
3. Number of Protons: Equal to the atomic number.
4. Number of Electrons: In a neutral atom, equal to the number of protons.
5. Number of Neutrons: Calculated as \( \text{Mass Number} - \text{Atomic Number} \).

Solution:

#### Step 1: Identify the Atomic Numbers
Using the periodic table, find the atomic numbers for each element:

- Sodium (Na): Atomic Number = 11
- Magnesium (Mg): Atomic Number = 12
- Calcium (Ca): Atomic Number = 20
- Argon (Ar): Atomic Number = 18
- Potassium (K): Atomic Number = 19
- Neon (Ne): Atomic Number = 10
- Lithium (Li): Atomic Number = 3
- Oxygen (O): Atomic Number = 8
- Aluminium (Al): Atomic Number = 13
- Phosphorus (P): Atomic Number = 15

#### Step 2: Identify the Mass Numbers
For simplicity, we will use the most common isotopes (those with the highest natural abundance) for each element:

- Sodium (Na): Mass Number = 23
- Magnesium (Mg): Mass Number = 24
- Calcium (Ca): Mass Number = 40
- Argon (Ar): Mass Number = 40
- Potassium (K): Mass Number = 39
- Neon (Ne): Mass Number = 20
- Lithium (Li): Mass Number = 7
- Oxygen (O): Mass Number = 16
- Aluminium (Al): Mass Number = 27
- Phosphorus (P): Mass Number = 31

#### Step 3: Calculate the Number of Protons, Electrons, and Neutrons
- Number of Protons: Equal to the atomic number.
- Number of Electrons: Equal to the number of protons (for a neutral atom).
- Number of Neutrons: \( \text{Mass Number} - \text{Atomic Number} \).

#### Step 4: Fill in the Table

| Element | Atomic Number | Mass Number | Number of Protons | Number of Electrons | Number of Neutrons |
|---------------|---------------|-------------|-------------------|---------------------|--------------------|
| Sodium (Na) | 11 | 23 | 11 | 11 | 12 |
| Magnesium (Mg)| 12 | 24 | 12 | 12 | 12 |
| Calcium (Ca) | 20 | 40 | 20 | 20 | 20 |
| Argon (Ar) | 18 | 40 | 18 | 18 | 22 |
| Potassium (K) | 19 | 39 | 19 | 19 | 20 |
| Neon (Ne) | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 10 |
| Lithium (Li) | 3 | 7 | 3 | 3 | 4 |
| Oxygen (O) | 8 | 16 | 8 | 8 | 8 |
| Aluminium (Al)| 13 | 27 | 13 | 13 | 14 |
| Phosphorus (P)| 15 | 31 | 15 | 15 | 16 |

Final Answer:

\[
\boxed{
\begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|}
\hline
\text{Element} & \text{Atomic Number} & \text{Mass Number} & \text{Number of Protons} & \text{Number of Electrons} & \text{Number of Neutrons} \\
\hline
\text{Sodium (Na)} & 11 & 23 & 11 & 11 & 12 \\
\hline
\text{Magnesium (Mg)} & 12 & 24 & 12 & 12 & 12 \\
\hline
\text{Calcium (Ca)} & 20 & 40 & 20 & 20 & 20 \\
\hline
\text{Argon (Ar)} & 18 & 40 & 18 & 18 & 22 \\
\hline
\text{Potassium (K)} & 19 & 39 & 19 & 19 & 20 \\
\hline
\text{Neon (Ne)} & 10 & 20 & 10 & 10 & 10 \\
\hline
\text{Lithium (Li)} & 3 & 7 & 3 & 3 & 4 \\
\hline
\text{Oxygen (O)} & 8 & 16 & 8 & 8 & 8 \\
\hline
\text{Aluminium (Al)} & 13 & 27 & 13 & 13 & 14 \\
\hline
\text{Phosphorus (P)} & 15 & 31 & 15 & 15 & 16 \\
\hline
\end{array}
}
\]