Chemistry Periodic Table worksheet with fill-in-the-blank questions on element symbols, names, atomic structure, and material properties.

Let's go through each question on the worksheet and solve it step by step with explanations.

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1. Define a family.

✔ Answer: A *family* in the periodic table refers to a vertical column of elements that have similar chemical properties because they have the same number of valence electrons. These are also known as groups.

🔹 Example: Group 1 (alkali metals), Group 17 (halogens).

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2. What is a period?

✔ Answer: A *period* is a horizontal row in the periodic table. Elements in the same period have the same number of electron shells (energy levels). There are 7 periods in the periodic table.

🔹 Example: Period 3 includes sodium (Na) to argon (Ar), all with electrons in the third energy level.

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3. What are the symbols for the following elements?

a) Magnesium → Mg
b) Potassium → K
c) Iron → Fe
d) Copper → Cu

📌 Note: These are standard chemical symbols (often derived from Latin names, e.g., Fe = Ferrum, Cu = Cuprum).

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4. What are the names of the following elements?

a) C → Carbon
b) Cl → Chlorine
c) Au → Gold (from Latin *Aurum*)
d) Sr → Strontium

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5. The number of protons in an atom is that element’s _________.

✔ Answer: Atomic number

🔹 Explanation: The atomic number uniquely identifies an element and determines its position on the periodic table.

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6. The number of protons and neutrons in an atom is that atom’s _________.

✔ Answer: Mass number

🔹 Explanation: Mass number = protons + neutrons. It's approximately the mass of the atom (in atomic mass units).

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7. The ability of a material to be drawn into a thin wire is called _________.

✔ Answer: Ductility

🔹 This is a physical property commonly seen in metals like copper and gold.

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8. The ability of a material to be pounded into thin sheets is called _________.

✔ Answer: Malleability

🔹 Metals are generally malleable (e.g., aluminum foil).

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9. For each of the following, label it as metal, nonmetal, and metalloid.

Let’s analyze each:

a) Ductile → Metal
🔹 Ductility is a characteristic of metals.

b) Chlorine → Nonmetal
🔹 Chlorine is a halogen (Group 17), a gas at room temperature.

c) Semiconductor → Metalloid
🔹 Metalloids (like silicon and germanium) often act as semiconductors.

d) Malleable → Metal
🔹 Malleability is typical of metals.

e) Cobalt → Metal
🔹 Cobalt is a transition metal.

f) Brittle → Nonmetal
🔹 Nonmetals tend to be brittle; metals are usually malleable.

g) Oxygen → Nonmetal
🔹 Oxygen is a gas and part of the nonmetals.

h) Good conductor of heat → Metal
🔹 Metals conduct heat well (thermal conductivity).

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✔ Final Answers Summary:

1. Family: A vertical column of elements with similar chemical properties (same number of valence electrons).
2. Period: A horizontal row; elements in the same period have the same number of electron shells.
3. Symbols:
a) Mg b) K c) Fe d) Cu
4. Names:
a) Carbon b) Chlorine c) Gold d) Strontium
5. Atomic number
6. Mass number
7. Ductility
8. Malleability
9.
a) Metal b) Nonmetal c) Metalloid d) Metal
e) Metal f) Nonmetal g) Nonmetal h) Metal

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