Star Materials - Free Printable

Let’s go step by step to fill in the blanks using the word bank and what we know about rocks and soil.

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Word Bank (from top of page):
igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic, weathering, erosion, deposition, compaction, cementation, layers, fossils, minerals, crystals, heat, pressure, magma, lava, cooling, hardening, melting, breaking down, moving, settling, building up, changing shape, wind, water, ice, gravity, time, temperature, chemical reactions, physical changes

*(Note: Some words may be used more than once or not at all — but we’ll pick the best fit for each blank.)*

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Question 1:

> The solid earth is made of ______ with rocks.

✔ Rocks are made of minerals. So:

→ minerals

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Question 2:

> Rocks that form from melted rock found on Earth’s surface are called ______.

Melted rock *on* Earth’s surface = lava → when it cools, it becomes igneous rock.

But the question says “rocks that form from melted rock...” → so the type of rock is igneous.

Wait — let’s read carefully:
“Rocks that form from melted rock found on Earth’s surface” → that’s describing how igneous rocks form from lava.

So answer: igneous

BUT — sometimes they want the material name? No — it says “are called ___” referring to the rock type.

Actually, looking again:
The sentence is: “Rocks that form from melted rock found on Earth’s surface are called ______.”

That’s defining igneous rocks.

→ igneous

*(Note: If it said “melted rock ON the surface”, that’s lava; if UNDER, that’s magma. But here it’s asking for the ROCK TYPE formed from it.)*

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Question 3:

> ______ / ______ are formed by chemical reactions in the rock while cool.

This is tricky. When rocks change due to heat/pressure without melting → that’s metamorphic.

And metamorphic rocks form under heat and pressure, often involving chemical reactions.

Also, note the slash: two blanks. Maybe “Heat / Pressure”? Or “Chemical / Physical”? Let’s see context.

Looking ahead — question 4 talks about “formed by...”, so maybe this is about processes.

Wait — perhaps it’s “Metamorphic / Igneous”? No.

Another idea: Sometimes “recrystallization” happens during metamorphism — but not in word bank.

Wait — look at word bank: “chemical reactions” is there.

Perhaps: “Chemical reactions / physical changes” — but that doesn’t fit well.

Alternative interpretation: Maybe it’s “Minerals / Crystals” — because when rocks cool slowly, crystals form via chemical reactions?

But the phrase is “formed by chemical reactions in the rock while cool” — that sounds like metamorphism.

I think the intended answer is:

→ Metamorphic / Igneous? No.

Wait — let’s skip and come back.

Actually, re-reading: “______ / ______ are formed by chemical reactions in the rock while cool.”

Possibly: “Crystals / Minerals” — because as magma/lava cools, minerals crystallize through chemical reactions.

Yes! That makes sense.

When molten rock cools, atoms arrange into crystals → forming minerals.

So:

→ Crystals / Minerals

*(Order might vary, but both are correct.)*

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Question 4:

> Mud and ______ are commonly found in the surface rock we use.

Surface rock we use — probably soil or sedimentary rock.

Mud + ? → likely sand or silt, but those aren’t in word bank.

Word bank has: layers, fossils, minerals, etc.

Wait — “surface rock we use” — could mean construction materials like sandstone, which contains mud and sand — but sand isn’t listed.

Alternatively, maybe “clay”? Not in word bank.

Wait — perhaps “fossils”? Because sedimentary rocks often contain fossils and mud.

Or “layers”? Sedimentary rocks have layers.

But the sentence: “Mud and ______ are commonly found...”

In many sedimentary rocks like shale or mudstone, you find mud and fossils.

Also, in limestone, you find mud and fossils.

So:

→ fossils

*(Possible alternative: “minerals” — but fossils are more specific to surface sedimentary rocks.)*

Let’s go with fossils.

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Question 5:

> Soil forms from ______.

Soil forms from broken-down rock → weathering

→ weathering

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Question 6:

> Sediment comes from the world ______.

Sediment comes from weathered rock that gets moved → so “moving”?

Or “breaking down”?

Actually, sediment is created by weathering, then transported by erosion.

But the sentence: “Sediment comes from the world ______.”

Probably means “the world around us” — but that’s not helpful.

Wait — perhaps “breaking down” — since rocks break down into sediment.

Or “erosion” — but erosion moves it.

Looking at word bank: “breaking down” is there.

Also, “moving” — but sediment itself is the result of breaking down.

I think: “Sediment comes from the world breaking down” — meaning rocks breaking down.

But grammatically odd.

Alternative: “Sediment comes from the world around us” — not in word bank.

Wait — perhaps “weathering” — but already used.

Another thought: In some curricula, they say sediment comes from “parent rock” — not in word bank.

Let’s look at next questions for clues.

Question 7: “Sedimentary rock has layers made of ______ that settled together...”

Ah — so sediment settles → so sediment comes from things being moved and settling.

So for Q6: “Sediment comes from the world moving” — as in particles moving and depositing.

Or “erosion” — but erosion is the process of moving.

Actually, standard definition: Sediment is produced by weathering, then transported by erosion.

But the blank is after “world” — so perhaps “world’s rocks breaking down” — too long.

Wait — maybe it’s “world over” — no.

I recall a common phrase: “sediment comes from the land” — not helpful.

Let’s check online or standard answer.

Since this is a worksheet, likely expected answer is:

→ breaking down

Because rocks break down into sediment.

So:

→ breaking down

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Question 7:

> Sedimentary rock has layers made of ______ that settled together and settle on the bottom.

Clearly: sediment

But “sediment” is not in word bank? Wait — word bank has “deposition”, “compaction”, etc.

Wait — word bank includes: “layers”, “fossils”, “minerals”, “crystals”, ... but not “sediment”?

Hold on — let me double-check the word bank from the image description.

User provided:
"igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic, weathering, erosion, deposition, compaction, cementation, layers, fossils, minerals, crystals, heat, pressure, magma, lava, cooling, hardening, melting, breaking down, moving, settling, building up, changing shape, wind, water, ice, gravity, time, temperature, chemical reactions, physical changes"

No "sediment" — but "settling" is there.

The sentence: “made of ______ that settled together”

So the thing that settles is sediment — but since it's not in word bank, perhaps they mean “particles” — not there.

Wait — maybe “minerals”? But minerals don't necessarily settle — sediment does.

Another idea: “grains” — not in word bank.

Perhaps “rock fragments” — no.

Wait — look at the answer key hint? No, we’re solving it.

Perhaps they expect “sediment” even if not listed? But instruction says use word bank.

Wait — “settling” is a verb, but here we need a noun.

Unless... “things that are settling” — but blank is for the material.

I think there might be a mistake — but let’s assume “sediment” is implied, or perhaps “materials” — not there.

Wait — another possibility: “layers” — but that’s redundant.

Read carefully: “has layers made of ______ that settled together”

So the layers are made of something that settled.

That something is sediment.

Since “sediment” isn’t in word bank, but “deposition” is — deposition is the process, not the material.

Perhaps “particles” — not there.

Wait — word bank has “building up” — no.

Let’s look at question 8: “Rock can change into other types of rock if one layer sits on top of another over many years.” — that’s about pressure and time.

Back to Q7.

Perhaps the answer is “sediment” and it’s assumed, or maybe I missed it.

Wait — in some versions, “sediment” is included. But according to user’s word bank, it’s not.

Alternative: “minerals and rock pieces” — not concise.

Another thought: In sedimentary rocks, layers are made of compacted sediment, but still.

Perhaps “deposits” — not in word bank.

I recall that in many worksheets, they say “made of sediment”.

Given the constraints, and since “settling” is in word bank, but it’s a verb, perhaps they mean “things that are settling” — but blank is for noun.

Let’s try “materials” — not there.

Wait — perhaps “fossils and minerals” — but not always.

I think the intended answer is sediment, and it might be an oversight in the word bank listing.

But to follow rules, let’s see if any word fits.

“Building up” — no.

“Changing shape” — no.

“Time” — no.

Perhaps “gravity” — because gravity causes settling, but not what the layers are made of.

I think we have to go with sediment even if not listed, or perhaps “particles” — not there.

Wait — user’s word bank might have “sediment” — let me re-read the initial text.

User wrote:
"igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic, weathering, erosion, deposition, compaction, cementation, layers, fossils, minerals, crystals, heat, pressure, magma, lava, cooling, hardening, melting, breaking down, moving, settling, building up, changing shape, wind, water, ice, gravity, time, temperature, chemical reactions, physical changes"

No "sediment".

But in question 7, it says “that settled together” — so the subject is what settled.

In science, it’s sediment.

Perhaps they mean “rock fragments” — not there.

Another idea: “soil” — but soil is different.

I think for accuracy, I'll put sediment and note it's not in word bank, but it's correct.

But to adhere to instructions, let's see if "deposition" can work — no, deposition is the process.

Perhaps "settled material" — not single word.

Let's move on and come back.

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Question 8:

> Rock can change into other types of rock if one layer sits on top of another over many years. This is due to ______ and ______.

When layers sit on top, they create pressure, and over time, heat builds up.

So: pressure and heat

→ pressure / heat

*(Order might vary, but both are needed for metamorphism.)*

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Question 9:

> A change first happened in Washington State when a ______ broke.

Washington State — famous for Mount St. Helens eruption in 1980, where a volcano erupted after a landslide broke off part of the mountain.

So: volcano — but not in word bank.

Word bank has: magma, lava, etc.

“A ______ broke” — likely “mountain” or “slope” — not there.

Perhaps “crust” — not there.

Another thought: In geology, when a fault breaks, earthquakes happen.

Washington has faults.

But the most famous event is volcanic.

Perhaps “dam” — like in 1980, Spirit Lake was dammed, but not primarily.

I recall that before the eruption, a bulge grew on the north flank, and then it collapsed — so “flank” or “side” — not in word bank.

Perhaps “rock” — too vague.

Wait — word bank has “breaking down” — but that’s a process.

The sentence: “a ______ broke” — so a noun.

Possible answers: “fault”, “volcano”, “mountain” — none in word bank.

Unless “magma chamber” — not there.

Perhaps “ice” — glaciers broke? Unlikely.

Another idea: In some contexts, “levee” or “barrier” — not there.

Let’s think differently. Perhaps “earthquake” — but earthquake is the shaking, not what broke.

The thing that broke was the rock face or slope.

I think the intended answer is volcano, but since not in word bank, perhaps mountain — not there.

Wait — word bank has “changing shape” — no.

Perhaps “layer” — but layers don’t typically “break” in that context.

I recall that in the Mt. St. Helens eruption, the trigger was a landslide that removed the cap, allowing magma to explode.

So the landslide involved the breaking of the north flank.

But what word from word bank fits?

“Gravity” caused the slide, but didn’t break.

“Pressure” built up.

Perhaps “magma” pushed and broke the rock.

But the blank is “a ______ broke” — so the thing that broke is the rock structure.

Maybe “crust” — not there.

Let’s look for similar worksheets online — but I can’t.

Perhaps “fault line” — not there.

Another thought: In some simplified versions, they say “a volcano broke open” — so volcano.

Since it’s not in word bank, but “lava” is, perhaps not.

Wait — the answer might be mountain, but not listed.

Perhaps “rock” — as in “a rock broke” — but that’s trivial.

I think there might be a mistake, but let’s assume volcano is intended, or perhaps slope.

To use word bank, maybe “pressure” — but pressure doesn’t break; it causes breaking.

The sentence is “a ______ broke” — so the subject is what broke.

In geology, we say “the fault broke” or “the rock fractured”.

“Fractured” not in word bank.

Perhaps “crystal” — no.

Let’s skip and come back.

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Question 10:

> Only water / running water can change the shape of the land.

This is false — wind, ice, gravity also change land shape.

But the sentence says “Only water / running water” — implying it’s incorrect, and we need to correct it.

The blank is probably for the correction.

Reading: “Only water / running water can change the shape of the land. ______”

Then it says “Depends on the ______, ______, and ______.”

So likely, the first part is a statement to be corrected, and then we list factors.

But the blank is after the period, so perhaps it’s “False” or something, but not in word bank.

Perhaps the blank is for the agents that do change land shape.

The sentence is: “Only water / running water can change the shape of the land. ______”

Then next sentence: “Depends on the ______, ______, and ______.”

So probably, the first blank is to indicate that other things also do it, like “Wind, ice, and gravity also change the shape of the land.”

But we have to use word bank.

Word bank has: wind, water, ice, gravity.

So perhaps the blank is for listing them.

But the structure is odd.

Perhaps the first blank is “Not true” — not in word bank.

Another interpretation: The sentence “Only water / running water can change the shape of the land.” is given, and then blank is for the correct statement.

But typically in such worksheets, they have a blank for the missing word.

Let’s read carefully:
“10. Only water / running water can change the shape of the land. ______”

Then “11. Depends on the ______, ______, and ______.”

So likely, for 10, the blank is to complete the thought, like “is not true” or “but other forces also do”.

But word bank has “changing shape” — which is related.

Perhaps “Changing shape is done by many forces.”

But not fitting.

Another idea: Perhaps the blank is for “Erosion” — because erosion by various agents changes land shape.

And erosion is in word bank.

So: “Only water / running water can change the shape of the land. Erosion by wind, ice, and gravity also does.”

But the blank is single.

Perhaps the answer is erosion — as the process that changes land shape, and it’s not only water.

So for Q10: erosion

Then Q11: depends on the wind, water, ice — or gravity, time, etc.

Q11: “Depends on the ______, ______, and ______.”

For erosion or land shaping, it depends on the agent (wind, water, ice), and also on time, slope, etc.

Word bank has: wind, water, ice, gravity, time, temperature, etc.

Commonly, it depends on the type of agent, amount, and duration.

But specifically, for erosion, it depends on the force, the material, and time.

Perhaps: wind, water, ice — as the main agents.

Or gravity, time, temperature — for weathering.

Let’s see the context.

After Q10 about changing land shape, Q11 likely continues with what it depends on.

So probably: depends on the agent, amount, time — but not in word bank.

Word bank has specific nouns.

Perhaps: wind, water, gravity — since ice is less common in some areas.

But ice is important for glacial erosion.

I think the intended answer for Q11 is wind, water, ice — as the three main erosional agents besides gravity.

Gravity is also crucial.

But let’s see.

Perhaps for weathering, it depends on temperature, water, time.

But Q10 is about changing shape of land, which is erosion.

So for erosion, it depends on the transporting medium: wind, water, ice.

And gravity assists.

So likely: wind, water, ice

Or including gravity.

But three blanks, so probably those three.

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Question 12:

> Sedimentary rocks are made from sand and ______.

Sand and silt, or sand and clay, or sand and gravel.

In word bank: minerals, fossils, layers — not directly.

“Gravel” not there.

“Mud” — but mud is fine sediment.

Perhaps “clay” — not there.

Another idea: “cement” — but cementation is the process.

The rock is made from sand and other sediments.

Perhaps “silt” — not in word bank.

Word bank has “compaction” — no.

Perhaps “fossils” — but not always.

I think the intended answer is mud or clay, but not listed.

Wait — in some contexts, “sand and shell fragments” — not there.

Perhaps “minerals” — since sand is mostly quartz mineral.

But the sentence is “made from sand and ______” — implying another component.

In sandstone, it’s sand grains cemented together, so the cement is silica or calcite, which are minerals.

So perhaps minerals for the cement.

But typically, we say sand and cementing material.

Perhaps “calcite” — not there.

Another thought: In conglomerate, it’s pebbles and sand, but pebbles not in word bank.

I recall that sedimentary rocks can be clastic (like sandstone) or chemical (like limestone).

For clastic, it’s fragments like sand, silt, clay.

Since "clay" not in word bank, perhaps "mud" — but mud is mixture.

Let’s look at word bank: “building up” — no.

Perhaps “layers” — but that’s structure.

I think the best fit is minerals — as the binding agent or additional components.

Or fossils — but not always present.

Perhaps “gravel” — not there.

Let’s consider that in many textbooks, they say “sand and mud” for some rocks.

But "mud" not in word bank.

Wait — user’s word bank has “settling” — no.

Another idea: “deposits” — not there.

Perhaps the answer is silt, but not listed.

I think we have to go with minerals as the most reasonable choice from word bank.

So: minerals

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Question 13:

> Sedimentary rocks are made from sand and ______.

Same as Q12? No, Q12 is “Sedimentary rocks are made from sand and ______.” and Q13 is the same? Let’s check.

In the user’s input, Q12 and Q13 are separate.

Q12: “Sedimentary rocks are made from sand and ______.”

Q13: “Sedimentary rocks are made from sand and ______.” — wait, no, in the initial text, it’s:

From user’s message:

"12. Sedimentary rocks are made from sand and ______.

13. Sedimentary rocks are made from sand and ______."

That can’t be right — probably a typo in my reading.

Let’s scroll back.

In the user’s original request, the questions are:

After Q11, it’s:

"12. Sedimentary rocks are made from sand and ______.

13. Sedimentary rocks are made from sand and ______."

But that seems duplicate.

Perhaps Q13 is different.

In the image description, it might be cut off.

Looking at the user’s text:

"12. Sedimentary rocks are made from sand and ______.

13. Sedimentary rocks are made from sand and ______."

But that doesn’t make sense.

Perhaps Q13 is "Sedimentary rocks are made from ______ and ______." but written twice.

Another possibility: Q12 is for one type, Q13 for another.

But in standard curriculum, sedimentary rocks include sandstone (sand), shale (mud), limestone (calcium carbonate), etc.

So for Q12, perhaps "mud", for Q13 "shells" or something.

But not in word bank.

Perhaps Q12 is "sand and silt", Q13 "sand and clay" — not there.

Let’s assume that Q12 is for clastic rocks like sandstone, so "sand and cement" — but cement not in word bank.

Word bank has "cementation" — the process.

Perhaps "compaction" — no.

Another idea: In some contexts, "sand and gravel" for conglomerate.

But "gravel" not in word bank.

Perhaps the answer for both is "minerals" or "fossils".

But let’s look at Q14.

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Question 14:

> Rocks can be changed by ______, ______, and ______.

This is likely about metamorphism or weathering.

For metamorphism: heat, pressure, chemically active fluids — but fluids not in word bank.

Word bank has: heat, pressure, time, temperature, chemical reactions.

So probably: heat, pressure, time

Or heat, pressure, chemical reactions

Both are valid.

Typically, the three factors for metamorphism are heat, pressure, and fluid activity, but since fluid not there, perhaps time is included.

In some simplifications, it’s heat, pressure, and time.

So: heat, pressure, time

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Now back to earlier questions.

For Q7: "Sedimentary rock has layers made of ______ that settled together"

I think despite not being in word bank, the answer is sediment. Perhaps it's implied, or maybe "particles" — not there.

Another possibility: "deposits" — not there.

Perhaps "materials" — not there.

Let’s notice that in the word bank, "settling" is there, but it's a verb.

Perhaps they mean "things that are settling", but the blank is for the noun.

I recall that in some worksheets, they use "sediment" even if not listed.

To resolve, let's assume that for Q7, the answer is sediment, and for the purpose of this exercise, we'll use it.

But to strictly follow, perhaps "minerals" — but minerals don't settle; sediment does.

Another thought: "rock fragments" — not there.

Perhaps "grains" — not there.

I think I have to go with sediment.

Similarly for Q9: "a ______ broke" — in Washington, it was the volcano or the mountain side.

Perhaps "fault" — and "fault" is not in word bank, but "breaking down" is close.

Or "crack" — not there.

Let’s search for standard answer.

Upon recalling, in many sources, for Mt. St. Helens, they say "the north flank of the volcano collapsed" or "the bulge broke off".

So "bulge" or "flank" — not in word bank.

Perhaps "magma" pushed and broke the rock, so "magma" — but magma didn't break; the rock did.

The sentence is "a ______ broke" — so the thing that broke is the rock structure.

Perhaps "layer" — as in a layer of rock broke.

And "layer" is in word bank.

Yes! "Layer" is in word bank.

So for Q9: layer

Because a layer of rock broke off, triggering the eruption.

That makes sense.

So: layer

For Q6: "Sediment comes from the world ______."

With "layer" used, perhaps "breaking down" is correct.

"Sediment comes from the world breaking down" — meaning rocks breaking down.

Grammatically, it's a bit off, but acceptable in educational context.

So: breaking down

For Q3: "______ / ______ are formed by chemical reactions in the rock while cool."

We said "Crystals / Minerals"

Yes.

For Q4: "Mud and ______ are commonly found in the surface rock we use."

We said "fossils"

Yes.

For Q10: "Only water / running water can change the shape of the land. ______"

Then Q11: "Depends on the ______, ______, and ______."

For Q10, the blank is likely to correct the statement, so perhaps "False" or "Incorrect", but not in word bank.

Perhaps the blank is for the process, like "Erosion" — as in "Erosion by various agents changes the land."

So: erosion

Then for Q11, it depends on the agents: wind, water, ice

Or gravity, time, temperature — but for erosion, wind, water, ice are direct agents.

Gravity is also important for mass wasting.

But typically, the three main erosional agents are wind, water, ice.

So: wind, water, ice

For Q12 and Q13: both say "Sedimentary rocks are made from sand and ______."

Probably a duplication error, or perhaps Q12 is for sandstone, Q13 for another type.

In some worksheets, Q12 might be "sand and silt", Q13 "sand and clay", but not in word bank.

Perhaps Q12 is "sand and gravel", Q13 "sand and mud" — not there.

Another idea: Q12 is "sand and cement", but cement not in word bank.

Word bank has "cementation" — the process.

Perhaps for Q12, "minerals" for the cement, and for Q13, "fossils" for fossiliferous rocks.

So let's say:

Q12: minerals (for the cementing material)

Q13: fossils (for rocks like limestone with fossils)

That could work.

For Q14: heat, pressure, time or chemical reactions

Let's choose heat, pressure, time as most common.

Now for Q1: minerals

Q2: igneous

Q3: crystals / minerals (order might not matter)

Q4: fossils

Q5: weathering

Q6: breaking down

Q7: sediment — but since not in word bank, perhaps they mean "deposits" or something else.

Wait, in the word bank, "deposition" is there, but it's a process.

Perhaps "settled material" — not single word.

Another possibility: "layers" — but the layers are made of sediment, not that the layers are made of layers.

The sentence: "layers made of ______" — so the content of the layers.

I think we have to use sediment.

Perhaps in some contexts, "silt" or "clay", but not there.

Let’s notice that in the answer key section, it might be filled, but we don't have it.

For the sake of completing, I'll use sediment for Q7.

Similarly, for Q9: layer

Q10: erosion

Q11: wind, water, ice

Q12: minerals

Q13: fossils (assuming different types)

Q14: heat, pressure, time

Now let's write the final answers.

But to confirm, let's list all:

1. minerals

2. igneous

3. crystals / minerals (or minerals / crystals)

4. fossils

5. weathering

6. breaking down

7. sediment (even though not in word bank, it's correct)

8. pressure / heat

9. layer

10. erosion

11. wind, water, ice

12. minerals

13. fossils

14. heat, pressure, time

For Q3, since it's "______ / ______", and both are formed by chemical reactions while cool, crystals and minerals are appropriate.

For Q8, "due to ______ and ______", pressure and heat.

For Q14, three blanks, so heat, pressure, time.

Now for Q7, if we must use word bank, perhaps "deposits" is not there, but "building up" is a process.

Another idea: "compacted material" — not there.

Perhaps "grains" — not there.

I recall that in some definitions, sedimentary rocks are made of "detritus" — not in word bank.

I think for accuracy, I'll keep sediment for Q7.

Perhaps the word bank has "sediment" and it was omitted in the user's text, but in the image it's there.

Since the user said "use the word bank", and "sediment" is not listed, but in reality it should be, I'll proceed.

For Q6, "Sediment comes from the world breaking down" — it's a bit awkward, but ok.

Some might say "from the weathering of rocks", but "breaking down" is synonymous with weathering.

So acceptable.

Now for the final answer format.

Since ExplainAnswer is false, TeachTopic is false, GeneratePractice is false, we only provide Final Answer.

But the instruction says: "Complete ALL reasoning and explanations BEFORE writing the Final Answer." and then "Final Answer: [Provide only the final correct answer]"

And "If an option is false, completely omit that section."

So we need to output only the Final Answer section with the answers.

But how to format multiple answers?

Probably as a list.

Since it's a worksheet with numbered questions, we can list the answers in order.

So:

Final Answer:
1. minerals
2. igneous
3. crystals, minerals
4. fossils
5. weathering
6. breaking down
7. sediment
8. pressure, heat
9. layer
10. erosion
11. wind, water, ice
12. minerals
13. fossils
14. heat, pressure, time

For Q3, since it's two blanks with "/", we can write "crystals / minerals"

Similarly for others.

In Q11, three blanks, so "wind, water, ice"

In Q14, "heat, pressure, time"

Now for Q7, to use word bank, perhaps they expect "deposition" but that doesn't fit.

Another thought: in some curricula, they say "made of deposited materials", but not.

Perhaps "settled particles" — not there.

I think it's fine.

For Q9, "layer" is good.

So I'll go with that.