Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons Worksheet - Everett Community ... - Free Printable

To solve the worksheet, we need to fill in the blanks using the relationships between protons, neutrons, electrons, atomic number, atomic mass, and charge. Here's a step-by-step explanation of how to approach each row:

Key Relationships:

1. Atomic Number (Z): The number of protons in the nucleus.
2. Protons: Equal to the atomic number.
3. Neutrons: Calculated as \( \text{Neutrons} = \text{Atomic Mass} - \text{Atomic Number} \).
4. Electrons: In a neutral atom, equal to the number of protons. For ions, adjust based on the charge.
5. Charge: Indicates the ionization state. A positive charge means electrons are lost, and a negative charge means electrons are gained.

Step-by-Step Solution:

#### Row 1: Pb
- Atomic Symbol: Pb
- Atomic Number: 82 (given)
- Protons: 82 (equal to atomic number)
- Neutrons: Not given, but can be calculated if atomic mass is known.
- Electrons: 80 (since the charge is +2, 2 electrons are lost from the neutral atom with 82 electrons).
- Atomic Mass: Not given.
- Charge: +2

#### Row 2: Atomic Number = 24
- Atomic Symbol: Cr (Chromium)
- Atomic Number: 24 (given)
- Protons: 24
- Neutrons: Not given.
- Electrons: 24 (neutral atom)
- Atomic Mass: 79 (given)
- Charge: 0
- Neutrons Calculation: \( \text{Neutrons} = \text{Atomic Mass} - \text{Atomic Number} = 79 - 24 = 55 \)

#### Row 3: Protons = 34
- Atomic Symbol: Se (Selenium)
- Atomic Number: 34 (equal to protons)
- Protons: 34 (given)
- Neutrons: Not given.
- Electrons: 34 (neutral atom)
- Atomic Mass: 79 (given)
- Charge: 0
- Neutrons Calculation: \( \text{Neutrons} = \text{Atomic Mass} - \text{Atomic Number} = 79 - 34 = 45 \)

#### Row 4: Neutrons = 10
- Atomic Symbol: Ne (Neon)
- Atomic Number: Not given.
- Protons: Not given.
- Neutrons: 10 (given)
- Electrons: 9 (given)
- Atomic Mass: 19 (since \( \text{Atomic Mass} = \text{Protons} + \text{Neutrons} \))
- Charge: 0
- Protons Calculation: \( \text{Protons} = \text{Atomic Mass} - \text{Neutrons} = 19 - 10 = 9 \)
- Atomic Number: 9

#### Row 5: Atomic Number = 41
- Atomic Symbol: Nb (Niobium)
- Atomic Number: 41 (given)
- Protons: 41
- Neutrons: Not given.
- Electrons: 35 (given)
- Atomic Mass: 93 (given)
- Charge: 0
- Neutrons Calculation: \( \text{Neutrons} = \text{Atomic Mass} - \text{Atomic Number} = 93 - 41 = 52 \)

#### Row 6: P
- Atomic Symbol: P (Phosphorus)
- Atomic Number: 15 (given)
- Protons: 15
- Neutrons: Not given.
- Electrons: 18 (since the charge is -3, 3 extra electrons are added to the neutral atom with 15 electrons).
- Atomic Mass: Not given.
- Charge: -3

#### Row 7: Rb
- Atomic Symbol: Rb (Rubidium)
- Atomic Number: 37 (known from periodic table)
- Protons: 37
- Neutrons: Not given.
- Electrons: 36 (since the charge is +1, 1 electron is lost from the neutral atom with 37 electrons).
- Atomic Mass: 85 (given)
- Charge: +1
- Neutrons Calculation: \( \text{Neutrons} = \text{Atomic Mass} - \text{Atomic Number} = 85 - 37 = 48 \)

#### Row 8: Neutrons = 46
- Atomic Symbol: Ag (Silver)
- Atomic Number: Not given.
- Protons: Not given.
- Neutrons: 46 (given)
- Electrons: Not given.
- Atomic Mass: 106 (given)
- Charge: 0
- Protons Calculation: \( \text{Protons} = \text{Atomic Mass} - \text{Neutrons} = 106 - 46 = 60 \)
- Atomic Number: 60

#### Row 9: Atomic Number = 76
- Atomic Symbol: Os (Osmium)
- Atomic Number: 76 (given)
- Protons: 76
- Neutrons: 114 (given)
- Electrons: 72 (since the charge is 0, but 4 electrons are lost, indicating an ion).
- Atomic Mass: Not given.
- Charge: 0
- Atomic Mass Calculation: \( \text{Atomic Mass} = \text{Protons} + \text{Neutrons} = 76 + 114 = 190 \)

#### Row 10: Atomic Number = 19
- Atomic Symbol: K (Potassium)
- Atomic Number: 19 (given)
- Protons: 19
- Neutrons: Not given.
- Electrons: Not given.
- Atomic Mass: 39 (given)
- Charge: 0
- Neutrons Calculation: \( \text{Neutrons} = \text{Atomic Mass} - \text{Atomic Number} = 39 - 19 = 20 \)
- Electrons: 19 (neutral atom)

#### Row 11: Mo
- Atomic Symbol: Mo (Molybdenum)
- Atomic Number: 42 (known from periodic table)
- Protons: 42
- Neutrons: Not given.
- Electrons: 36 (since the charge is 0, but 6 electrons are lost, indicating an ion).
- Atomic Mass: 96 (given)
- Charge: 0
- Neutrons Calculation: \( \text{Neutrons} = \text{Atomic Mass} - \text{Atomic Number} = 96 - 42 = 54 \)

#### Row 12: Neutrons = 106
- Atomic Symbol: Fm (Fermium)
- Atomic Number: Not given.
- Protons: Not given.
- Neutrons: 106 (given)
- Electrons: 106 (given)
- Atomic Mass: 265 (given)
- Charge: 0
- Protons Calculation: \( \text{Protons} = \text{Atomic Mass} - \text{Neutrons} = 265 - 106 = 159 \)
- Atomic Number: 159

#### Row 13: Atomic Number = 87
- Atomic Symbol: Fr (Francium)
- Atomic Number: 87 (given)
- Protons: 87
- Neutrons: Not given.
- Electrons: Not given.
- Atomic Mass: 223 (given)
- Charge: 0
- Neutrons Calculation: \( \text{Neutrons} = \text{Atomic Mass} - \text{Atomic Number} = 223 - 87 = 136 \)
- Electrons: 87 (neutral atom)

#### Row 14: Hg
- Atomic Symbol: Hg (Mercury)
- Atomic Number: 80 (known from periodic table)
- Protons: 80
- Neutrons: Not given.
- Electrons: 78 (since the charge is 0, but 2 electrons are lost, indicating an ion).
- Atomic Mass: Not given.
- Charge: 0

#### Row 15: Electrons = 54
- Atomic Symbol: Xe (Xenon)
- Atomic Number: 54 (known from periodic table)
- Protons: 54
- Neutrons: Not given.
- Electrons: 54 (given)
- Atomic Mass: 131 (given)
- Charge: 0
- Neutrons Calculation: \( \text{Neutrons} = \text{Atomic Mass} - \text{Atomic Number} = 131 - 54 = 77 \)

Final Answer:

\[
\boxed{
\begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|}
\hline
\text{Atomic symbol} & \text{Atomic number} & \text{Protons} & \text{Neutrons} & \text{Electrons} & \text{Atomic mass} & \text{Charge} \\
\hline
\text{Pb} & 82 & 82 & & 80 & & +2 \\
\hline
\text{Cr} & 24 & 24 & 55 & 24 & 79 & 0 \\
\hline
\text{Se} & 34 & 34 & 45 & 34 & 79 & 0 \\
\hline
\text{Ne} & 10 & 10 & 10 & 9 & 19 & 0 \\
\hline
\text{Nb} & 41 & 41 & 52 & 35 & 93 & 0 \\
\hline
\text{P} & 15 & 15 & & 18 & & -3 \\
\hline
\text{Rb} & 37 & 37 & 48 & 36 & 85 & +1 \\
\hline
\text{Ag} & 60 & 60 & 46 & 60 & 106 & 0 \\
\hline
\text{Os} & 76 & 76 & 114 & 72 & 190 & 0 \\
\hline
\text{K} & 19 & 19 & 20 & 19 & 39 & 0 \\
\hline
\text{Mo} & 42 & 42 & 54 & 36 & 96 & 0 \\
\hline
\text{Fm} & 159 & 159 & 106 & 106 & 265 & 0 \\
\hline
\text{Fr} & 87 & 87 & 136 & 87 & 223 & 0 \\
\hline
\text{Hg} & 80 & 80 & & 78 & & 0 \\
\hline
\text{Xe} & 54 & 54 & 77 & 54 & 131 & 0 \\
\hline
\end{array}
}
\]