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Problem Analysis:

The task requires identifying five cause-and-effect relationships from the provided text about the Gold Rush in New South Wales, Australia. The goal is to extract specific events or actions (causes) and their consequences (effects) as described in the passage.

Solution Approach:

1. Read and Understand the Text: Carefully analyze the text to identify key events and their outcomes.
2. Identify Cause-and-Effect Pairs: Look for sentences or phrases where an action leads to a result.
3. Organize the Information: List the causes on one side and their corresponding effects on the other side.
4. Ensure Clarity and Accuracy: Make sure each pair logically connects the cause to the effect based on the text.

Extracted Cause-and-Effect Relationships:

#### 1. Cause: Governor George Gipp believed the discovery of gold would disrupt the colony.
- Effect: He ordered that the discovery of gold be kept secret.
- Explanation: The governor was concerned about the potential disruption caused by miners abandoning their jobs to search for gold, so he took steps to suppress the news.

#### 2. Cause: Gold was discovered in California in 1848.
- Effect: Thousands of settlers traveled long distances to seek their fortune on American goldfields.
- Explanation: The discovery of gold in California triggered a mass migration of people seeking wealth, demonstrating the allure of gold discoveries.

#### 3. Cause: Edward Hammond Hargraves heard rumors of gold in the Blue Mountains.
- Effect: Hargraves organized a team to search for gold in the area.
- Explanation: Inspired by the rumors, Hargraves took action to confirm the presence of gold, leading to his expedition.

#### 4. Cause: Hargraves' team discovered payable gold.
- Effect: Hargraves claimed the government's reward of 10,000 pounds.
- Explanation: Upon confirming the existence of valuable gold, Hargraves fulfilled the condition set by the government and received the promised reward.

#### 5. Cause: The prospect of striking gold spread quickly.
- Effect: Miners from all over the world flocked to the goldfields.
- Explanation: The excitement and promise of wealth attracted large numbers of people, leading to a significant influx of miners.

Final Answer:

Here are the five cause-and-effect relationships:

| Cause (Why?) | Effect (What Happened?) |
|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------|
| Governor George Gipp believed the discovery of gold would disrupt the colony. | He ordered that the discovery of gold be kept secret. |
| Gold was discovered in California in 1848. | Thousands of settlers traveled long distances to seek their fortune on American goldfields. |
| Edward Hammond Hargraves heard rumors of gold in the Blue Mountains. | Hargraves organized a team to search for gold in the area. |
| Hargraves' team discovered payable gold. | Hargraves claimed the government's reward of 10,000 pounds. |
| The prospect of striking gold spread quickly. | Miners from all over the world flocked to the goldfields. |

Final Answer:
\boxed{
\begin{array}{|c|c|}
\hline
\textbf{Cause (Why?)} & \textbf{Effect (What Happened?)} \\
\hline
\text{Governor George Gipp believed the discovery of gold would disrupt the colony.} & \text{He ordered that the discovery of gold be kept secret.} \\
\hline
\text{Gold was discovered in California in 1848.} & \text{Thousands of settlers traveled long distances to seek their fortune on American goldfields.} \\
\hline
\text{Edward Hammond Hargraves heard rumors of gold in the Blue Mountains.} & \text{Hargraves organized a team to search for gold in the area.} \\
\hline
\text{Hargraves' team discovered payable gold.} & \text{Hargraves claimed the government's reward of 10,000 pounds.} \\
\hline
\text{The prospect of striking gold spread quickly.} & \text{Miners from all over the world flocked to the goldfields.} \\
\hline
\end{array}
}