Diseases Of Faulty Cell Communication Answers - Fill Online ... - Free Printable

Let’s go through each question one by one. I’ll explain everything clearly so you can understand and write your answers confidently.

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1. Nerve cells are also called...

Nerve cells have a special name because they carry messages in your body — like tiny electrical wires! That name is neurons.

✔ So, the answer is: neurons

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2. Draw a diagram of a neuron. Label the dendrites, nucleus, cell body, axon, myelin sheath, axon terminal, and Schwann cells.

Since we’re typing here, I’ll describe how to draw it step by step. You can sketch this on paper:

- Start with a round or oval shape in the middle → that’s the cell body.
- Inside the cell body, draw a smaller circle → that’s the nucleus.
- From the cell body, draw several short, branch-like lines going outward → those are the dendrites (they receive messages).
- From the opposite side of the dendrites, draw one long line stretching out → that’s the axon.
- Around the axon, draw little sausage-shaped segments wrapping around it → those are the myelin sheath (made by Schwann cells).
- At the very end of the axon, draw small branches with tiny bulbs at the tips → those are the axon terminals.
- The Schwann cells are the ones that make the myelin sheath — so label them as the cells surrounding the axon segments.

📌 Tip: Think of the neuron like a tree:
- Dendrites = roots (receive stuff)
- Cell body = trunk (holds the nucleus)
- Axon = long branch sending messages away
- Myelin sheath = insulation on the wire
- Axon terminals = leaves at the end passing messages to next tree

You don’t need to be an artist — just label each part clearly!

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3. Describe how neurotransmitters relay messages from one neuron to another.

Imagine two neurons talking to each other across a tiny gap called a synapse.

Here’s what happens:

- An electrical signal travels down the first neuron’s axon.
- When it reaches the end (axon terminal), it tells little sacs inside to release chemicals → these chemicals are called neurotransmitters.
- The neurotransmitters float across the synapse (like throwing a ball to a friend).
- They land on receptors on the next neuron’s dendrites.
- This landing triggers a new electrical signal in the second neuron.
- Then the message keeps going!

It’s like passing a note in class — but instead of paper, it’s chemicals, and instead of hands, it’s tiny brain parts!

✔ Simple summary: Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that jump from one neuron to the next across a gap to keep the message moving.

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4. Describe how Multiple Sclerosis (MS) occurs.

Multiple Sclerosis is a disease where the body accidentally attacks its own nerves.

Here’s how it works:

- In healthy people, the myelin sheath covers the axons like plastic coating on a wire — it helps signals travel fast.
- In MS, the immune system gets confused and thinks the myelin is bad (like a virus).
- So, it attacks and damages the myelin sheath.
- Without good myelin, nerve signals slow down or get blocked.
- This causes problems like weakness, numbness, trouble walking, or vision issues.

Think of it like frayed electrical wires — if the insulation is gone, the electricity doesn’t flow right. Same thing with nerves in MS.

✔ Short version: MS happens when the body’s defense system hurts the myelin around nerves, making messages between brain and body slower or broken.

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Final Answer:

1. neurons
2. [Draw and label: dendrites, nucleus, cell body, axon, myelin sheath, axon terminal, Schwann cells — see description above]
3. Neurotransmitters are released from the axon terminal of one neuron, cross the synapse, and bind to receptors on the next neuron’s dendrites to pass the message along.
4. Multiple Sclerosis occurs when the immune system attacks the myelin sheath around nerve fibers, disrupting communication between the brain and the rest of the body.