Cell division and cancer review worksheet with questions and a diagram of meiosis.
A worksheet titled "Cell division and cancer review" with questions about meiosis, homologous chromosomes, haploid and diploid cells, and chromosome numbers, including a diagram of a tetrad during prophase of meiosis.
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Step-by-step solution for: Cell division and cancer review sheet Answers - Name: Cell ...
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Step-by-step solution for: Cell division and cancer review sheet Answers - Name: Cell ...
Based on the provided image, here is a detailed explanation for each question in the "Cell division and cancer review" worksheet.
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1. What type of cell undergoes meiosis?
* Answer: Gamete cells
* Explanation: Meiosis is a specialized type of cell division that occurs only in the germ cells (cells that give rise to gametes) of sexually reproducing organisms. Its purpose is to produce haploid gametes (sperm and egg cells) from diploid precursor cells. Somatic cells (body cells like skin, liver, or stomach cells) undergo mitosis for growth and repair, not meiosis.
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2. Define homologous chromosomes.
* Answer: 2 chromosomes with similar structure
* Explanation: Homologous chromosomes are a pair of chromosomes in a diploid cell—one inherited from each parent—that are similar in size, shape, gene content, and gene location (loci). They carry genes for the same traits, although the specific versions of those genes (alleles) may differ. One chromosome in the pair is maternal, and the other is paternal.
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3. For each of the following state if the cell is haploid or diploid.
* Sperm cell = haploid
* Liver cell = diploid
* Egg cell = haploid
* Stomach cell = diploid
* Explanation:
* Haploid (n): Cells that contain only one set of chromosomes. Gametes (sperm and egg cells) are haploid so that when they fuse during fertilization, they form a diploid zygote.
* Diploid (2n): Cells that contain two complete sets of chromosomes—one set from each parent. All somatic (body) cells, including liver and stomach cells, are diploid.
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4. If the diploid number in a liver cell of an organism is 52, how many chromosomes are there in the egg of this organism?
* Answer: 26
* Explanation: A liver cell is a somatic (body) cell and is therefore diploid (2n = 52). An egg cell is a gamete and is haploid (n). The haploid number is half the diploid number. So, n = 52 / 2 = 26.
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5. During meiosis, the chromosome number:
* Answer: b) is reduced
* Explanation: The primary goal of meiosis is to reduce the chromosome number by half to create haploid gametes. It starts with a diploid cell (2n) and ends with four haploid cells (n). This reduction happens during Meiosis I, when homologous chromosomes separate.
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6. Cells starting mitosis & meiosis begin with a (haploid or diploid) set of chromosomes.
* Answer: diploid
* Explanation: Both mitosis and meiosis begin with a diploid cell. Mitosis produces two identical diploid daughter cells for growth and repair. Meiosis produces four genetically unique haploid gametes for sexual reproduction. The starting cell for both processes must be diploid to ensure the correct chromosome number is maintained (in mitosis) or halved (in meiosis).
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7. How many times do cells divide during meiosis?
* Answer: twice
* Explanation: Meiosis consists of two consecutive divisions: Meiosis I and Meiosis II. Meiosis I separates homologous chromosomes, and Meiosis II separates sister chromatids (similar to mitosis). This results in four daughter cells from one parent cell.
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8. Draw a tetrad and show crossing over. During what process and in which phase do you first see this in?
* Answer: During prophase of meiosis
* Explanation:
* A tetrad is the structure formed when two homologous chromosomes (each consisting of two sister chromatids) pair up during Prophase I of meiosis. It looks like a group of four chromatids.
* Crossing over is the exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes within a tetrad. This increases genetic variation.
* Tetrads and crossing over are first seen during Prophase I of meiosis. The pairing of homologous chromosomes (synapsis) to form tetrads begins in this phase, and crossing over typically occurs while they are paired.
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9. How many cells form at the end of meiosis and how many chromosomes do they each contain?
* Answer: 4 with 23 chromosomes
* Explanation: At the end of meiosis, one diploid parent cell divides to produce four haploid daughter cells. The number "23" is specific to humans (where the diploid number is 46). In general, each resulting cell contains the haploid number (n) of chromosomes, which is half the original diploid number (2n).
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10. A sperm cell is a (gamete or zygote), and is (haploid or diploid).
* Answer: gamete, haploid
* Explanation: A sperm cell is a male gamete (sex cell). Gametes are always haploid, meaning they contain only one set of chromosomes. This allows them to combine with a female gamete (egg cell) during fertilization to form a diploid zygote, which then develops into a new organism.
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1. What type of cell undergoes meiosis?
* Answer: Gamete cells
* Explanation: Meiosis is a specialized type of cell division that occurs only in the germ cells (cells that give rise to gametes) of sexually reproducing organisms. Its purpose is to produce haploid gametes (sperm and egg cells) from diploid precursor cells. Somatic cells (body cells like skin, liver, or stomach cells) undergo mitosis for growth and repair, not meiosis.
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2. Define homologous chromosomes.
* Answer: 2 chromosomes with similar structure
* Explanation: Homologous chromosomes are a pair of chromosomes in a diploid cell—one inherited from each parent—that are similar in size, shape, gene content, and gene location (loci). They carry genes for the same traits, although the specific versions of those genes (alleles) may differ. One chromosome in the pair is maternal, and the other is paternal.
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3. For each of the following state if the cell is haploid or diploid.
* Sperm cell = haploid
* Liver cell = diploid
* Egg cell = haploid
* Stomach cell = diploid
* Explanation:
* Haploid (n): Cells that contain only one set of chromosomes. Gametes (sperm and egg cells) are haploid so that when they fuse during fertilization, they form a diploid zygote.
* Diploid (2n): Cells that contain two complete sets of chromosomes—one set from each parent. All somatic (body) cells, including liver and stomach cells, are diploid.
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4. If the diploid number in a liver cell of an organism is 52, how many chromosomes are there in the egg of this organism?
* Answer: 26
* Explanation: A liver cell is a somatic (body) cell and is therefore diploid (2n = 52). An egg cell is a gamete and is haploid (n). The haploid number is half the diploid number. So, n = 52 / 2 = 26.
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5. During meiosis, the chromosome number:
* Answer: b) is reduced
* Explanation: The primary goal of meiosis is to reduce the chromosome number by half to create haploid gametes. It starts with a diploid cell (2n) and ends with four haploid cells (n). This reduction happens during Meiosis I, when homologous chromosomes separate.
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6. Cells starting mitosis & meiosis begin with a (haploid or diploid) set of chromosomes.
* Answer: diploid
* Explanation: Both mitosis and meiosis begin with a diploid cell. Mitosis produces two identical diploid daughter cells for growth and repair. Meiosis produces four genetically unique haploid gametes for sexual reproduction. The starting cell for both processes must be diploid to ensure the correct chromosome number is maintained (in mitosis) or halved (in meiosis).
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7. How many times do cells divide during meiosis?
* Answer: twice
* Explanation: Meiosis consists of two consecutive divisions: Meiosis I and Meiosis II. Meiosis I separates homologous chromosomes, and Meiosis II separates sister chromatids (similar to mitosis). This results in four daughter cells from one parent cell.
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8. Draw a tetrad and show crossing over. During what process and in which phase do you first see this in?
* Answer: During prophase of meiosis
* Explanation:
* A tetrad is the structure formed when two homologous chromosomes (each consisting of two sister chromatids) pair up during Prophase I of meiosis. It looks like a group of four chromatids.
* Crossing over is the exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes within a tetrad. This increases genetic variation.
* Tetrads and crossing over are first seen during Prophase I of meiosis. The pairing of homologous chromosomes (synapsis) to form tetrads begins in this phase, and crossing over typically occurs while they are paired.
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9. How many cells form at the end of meiosis and how many chromosomes do they each contain?
* Answer: 4 with 23 chromosomes
* Explanation: At the end of meiosis, one diploid parent cell divides to produce four haploid daughter cells. The number "23" is specific to humans (where the diploid number is 46). In general, each resulting cell contains the haploid number (n) of chromosomes, which is half the original diploid number (2n).
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10. A sperm cell is a (gamete or zygote), and is (haploid or diploid).
* Answer: gamete, haploid
* Explanation: A sperm cell is a male gamete (sex cell). Gametes are always haploid, meaning they contain only one set of chromosomes. This allows them to combine with a female gamete (egg cell) during fertilization to form a diploid zygote, which then develops into a new organism.
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Parent Tip: Review the logic above to help your child master the concept of cell cycle and cancer worksheet.
