Mitosis and Cell Cycle worksheet - Free Printable
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Step-by-step solution for: Mitosis and Cell Cycle worksheet
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Show Answer Key & Explanations
Step-by-step solution for: Mitosis and Cell Cycle worksheet
Here is the complete solution to your mitosis worksheet, with clear explanations for each answer.
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11. Interphase
*Explanation:* The cell has a visible nucleus and nucleolus, chromatin is uncondensed, and centrosomes are present but not yet forming spindle fibers. This is the preparatory phase before mitosis begins.
12. Metaphase
*Explanation:* Chromosomes are aligned at the equator (metaphase plate) of the cell, attached to spindle fibers from opposite poles.
13. Anaphase
*Explanation:* Sister chromatids have separated and are being pulled toward opposite poles of the cell by spindle fibers.
14. Telophase
*Explanation:* Chromosomes are arriving at the poles, nuclear envelopes are reforming around each set, and the cell is beginning to pinch inward (cleavage furrow in animal cells).
15. Cytokinesis (or Post-Telophase)
*Explanation:* Two distinct daughter cells are forming, each with its own nucleus. The cytoplasm is divided. In animal cells, this is shown by the cleavage furrow fully pinching the cell apart.
> *Note: While technically cytokinesis is not part of mitosis (which is nuclear division), it often follows telophase and is included in diagrams as the final step of cell division.*
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| Statement | Interphase | Mitosis |
|------------------------------------------------|----------|---------|
| 16. Cell growth occurs | ✔ Yes | ✘ No |
| 17. Nuclear division occurs | ✘ No | ✔ Yes |
| 18. Chromosomes are finishing moving into separate daughter cells. | ✘ No | ✔ Yes |
| 19. Chromosomes are duplicated | ✔ Yes | ✘ No |
| 20. DNA synthesis occurs | ✔ Yes | ✘ No |
| 21. Where cells spend most of their life | ✔ Yes | ✘ No |
| 22. Mitochondria and other organelles are made | ✔ Yes | ✘ No |
Explanations:
- Interphase is the longest phase — cells grow, replicate DNA (S phase), synthesize proteins/organelles, and prepare for division.
- Mitosis is the actual division phase — chromosomes condense, align, separate, and nuclei reform. No growth or DNA synthesis occurs here.
- Statement 18: Refers to telophase/cytokinesis — chromosomes are completing their movement to opposite poles.
- Statement 19 & 20: Chromosome duplication = DNA replication → happens in S phase of interphase.
- Statement 21: Cells spend ~90% of their time in interphase.
- Statement 22: Organelle production occurs during G1 and G2 phases of interphase.
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*(Assuming standard mitosis labeling: D = Interphase, A = Prophase, F = Metaphase, C = Metaphase (side view), E = Anaphase, B = Telophase)*
23. In cell A, what is the structure labeled X?
→ Spindle fiber (or microtubule)
*Explanation:* In prophase, spindle fibers begin forming from centrosomes and attach to chromosomes.
24. In cell F, what is the structure labeled Y?
→ Chromosome (or sister chromatid pair)
*Explanation:* In metaphase, chromosomes are aligned at the equator. Y points to one chromosome composed of two sister chromatids.
25. Which cell is not in a phase of mitosis?
→ D
*Explanation:* Cell D shows an intact nucleus with diffuse chromatin — this is interphase, not mitosis.
26. New nuclear membranes are forming in B. What is this phase called?
→ Telophase
*Explanation:* Telophase is characterized by reformation of nuclear envelopes around separated chromosomes.
27. Sequence the six diagrams in chronological order from first to last.
→ D → A → F → C → E → B
*Explanation:*
- D: Interphase (start)
- A: Prophase (chromosomes condense, spindle forms)
- F: Metaphase (chromosomes align)
- C: Metaphase (same as F, different angle — can be interchangeable)
- E: Anaphase (sister chromatids separate)
- B: Telophase (nuclear membranes reform)
> *Note: F and C both show metaphase; either can come after A. But since F is clearly showing alignment, and C is another view, we’ll put F then C for flow.*
28. Chromosomes move to the middle of the cell during?
→ Metaphase
*Explanation:* Spindle fibers pull chromosomes to the metaphase plate (equator).
29. When do the sister chromatids separate?
→ Anaphase
*Explanation:* The centromeres split, and spindle fibers pull chromatids apart to opposite poles.
30. During which phase do chromosomes first become visible?
→ Prophase
*Explanation:* Chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes during prophase.
31. During which phase does the cleavage furrow start forming on animal cells?
→ Telophase
*Explanation:* Cleavage furrow begins to form during telophase as cytokinesis starts, pinching the cell membrane inward.
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✔ Final Answer Summary:
Phase Labels:
11. Interphase
12. Metaphase
13. Anaphase
14. Telophase
15. Cytokinesis
Table Answers:
16. Interphase ✔
17. Mitosis ✔
18. Mitosis ✔
19. Interphase ✔
20. Interphase ✔
21. Interphase ✔
22. Interphase ✔
Questions 23–31:
23. Spindle fiber
24. Chromosome (or sister chromatid pair)
25. D
26. Telophase
27. D → A → F → C → E → B
28. Metaphase
29. Anaphase
30. Prophase
31. Telophase
Let me know if you’d like a diagram explanation or flashcards for memorization!
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Label the phases of Mitosis below:
11. Interphase
*Explanation:* The cell has a visible nucleus and nucleolus, chromatin is uncondensed, and centrosomes are present but not yet forming spindle fibers. This is the preparatory phase before mitosis begins.
12. Metaphase
*Explanation:* Chromosomes are aligned at the equator (metaphase plate) of the cell, attached to spindle fibers from opposite poles.
13. Anaphase
*Explanation:* Sister chromatids have separated and are being pulled toward opposite poles of the cell by spindle fibers.
14. Telophase
*Explanation:* Chromosomes are arriving at the poles, nuclear envelopes are reforming around each set, and the cell is beginning to pinch inward (cleavage furrow in animal cells).
15. Cytokinesis (or Post-Telophase)
*Explanation:* Two distinct daughter cells are forming, each with its own nucleus. The cytoplasm is divided. In animal cells, this is shown by the cleavage furrow fully pinching the cell apart.
> *Note: While technically cytokinesis is not part of mitosis (which is nuclear division), it often follows telophase and is included in diagrams as the final step of cell division.*
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Complete the table by selecting yes and no:
| Statement | Interphase | Mitosis |
|------------------------------------------------|----------|---------|
| 16. Cell growth occurs | ✔ Yes | ✘ No |
| 17. Nuclear division occurs | ✘ No | ✔ Yes |
| 18. Chromosomes are finishing moving into separate daughter cells. | ✘ No | ✔ Yes |
| 19. Chromosomes are duplicated | ✔ Yes | ✘ No |
| 20. DNA synthesis occurs | ✔ Yes | ✘ No |
| 21. Where cells spend most of their life | ✔ Yes | ✘ No |
| 22. Mitochondria and other organelles are made | ✔ Yes | ✘ No |
Explanations:
- Interphase is the longest phase — cells grow, replicate DNA (S phase), synthesize proteins/organelles, and prepare for division.
- Mitosis is the actual division phase — chromosomes condense, align, separate, and nuclei reform. No growth or DNA synthesis occurs here.
- Statement 18: Refers to telophase/cytokinesis — chromosomes are completing their movement to opposite poles.
- Statement 19 & 20: Chromosome duplication = DNA replication → happens in S phase of interphase.
- Statement 21: Cells spend ~90% of their time in interphase.
- Statement 22: Organelle production occurs during G1 and G2 phases of interphase.
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Use the following illustrations for questions 23–32
*(Assuming standard mitosis labeling: D = Interphase, A = Prophase, F = Metaphase, C = Metaphase (side view), E = Anaphase, B = Telophase)*
23. In cell A, what is the structure labeled X?
→ Spindle fiber (or microtubule)
*Explanation:* In prophase, spindle fibers begin forming from centrosomes and attach to chromosomes.
24. In cell F, what is the structure labeled Y?
→ Chromosome (or sister chromatid pair)
*Explanation:* In metaphase, chromosomes are aligned at the equator. Y points to one chromosome composed of two sister chromatids.
25. Which cell is not in a phase of mitosis?
→ D
*Explanation:* Cell D shows an intact nucleus with diffuse chromatin — this is interphase, not mitosis.
26. New nuclear membranes are forming in B. What is this phase called?
→ Telophase
*Explanation:* Telophase is characterized by reformation of nuclear envelopes around separated chromosomes.
27. Sequence the six diagrams in chronological order from first to last.
→ D → A → F → C → E → B
*Explanation:*
- D: Interphase (start)
- A: Prophase (chromosomes condense, spindle forms)
- F: Metaphase (chromosomes align)
- C: Metaphase (same as F, different angle — can be interchangeable)
- E: Anaphase (sister chromatids separate)
- B: Telophase (nuclear membranes reform)
> *Note: F and C both show metaphase; either can come after A. But since F is clearly showing alignment, and C is another view, we’ll put F then C for flow.*
28. Chromosomes move to the middle of the cell during?
→ Metaphase
*Explanation:* Spindle fibers pull chromosomes to the metaphase plate (equator).
29. When do the sister chromatids separate?
→ Anaphase
*Explanation:* The centromeres split, and spindle fibers pull chromatids apart to opposite poles.
30. During which phase do chromosomes first become visible?
→ Prophase
*Explanation:* Chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes during prophase.
31. During which phase does the cleavage furrow start forming on animal cells?
→ Telophase
*Explanation:* Cleavage furrow begins to form during telophase as cytokinesis starts, pinching the cell membrane inward.
---
✔ Final Answer Summary:
Phase Labels:
11. Interphase
12. Metaphase
13. Anaphase
14. Telophase
15. Cytokinesis
Table Answers:
16. Interphase ✔
17. Mitosis ✔
18. Mitosis ✔
19. Interphase ✔
20. Interphase ✔
21. Interphase ✔
22. Interphase ✔
Questions 23–31:
23. Spindle fiber
24. Chromosome (or sister chromatid pair)
25. D
26. Telophase
27. D → A → F → C → E → B
28. Metaphase
29. Anaphase
30. Prophase
31. Telophase
Let me know if you’d like a diagram explanation or flashcards for memorization!
Parent Tip: Review the logic above to help your child master the concept of cell division and mitosis worksheet.
