52 ch11mitosis2008 | PPT - Free Printable

1. The cell cycle consists of four main phases: G1 (Gap 1), S (Synthesis), G2 (Gap 2), and M (Mitosis).
2. During G1, the cell grows and prepares for DNA replication; it checks for sufficient nutrients and growth signals.
3. In the S phase, DNA replication occurs, ensuring each chromosome is duplicated into two sister chromatids.
4. G2 involves further growth and preparation for mitosis, including checking for complete and accurate DNA replication.
5. M phase includes mitosis (nuclear division) and cytokinesis (cytoplasmic division), resulting in two genetically identical daughter cells.
6. Checkpoints at G1, G2, and M ensure the cell only proceeds if conditions are favorable and DNA is undamaged.
7. If damage is detected or conditions are unfavorable, the cell may pause, repair DNA, or undergo apoptosis to prevent errors from propagating.
8. After mitosis, daughter cells may re-enter G1 to begin a new cycle or enter G0, a resting state where they do not divide but remain metabolically active.