1. The cell membrane is selectively permeable, allowing only certain substances to pass through.
2. Passive transport does not require energy and moves substances down their concentration gradient.
3. Active transport requires energy (ATP) and moves substances against their concentration gradient.
4. Diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
5. Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.
6. Facilitated diffusion uses protein channels or carriers to move substances down their concentration gradient without energy.
7. Endocytosis is the process by which cells take in large particles or fluids by engulfing them with the cell membrane.
8. Exocytosis is the process by which cells expel materials by fusing vesicles with the cell membrane.
9. The sodium-potassium pump is an example of active transport that maintains electrochemical gradients in nerve cells.
10. Vesicular transport includes both endocytosis and exocytosis and is used for moving large molecules or particles.
Parent Tip: Review the logic above to help your child master the concept of cellular transport and the cell cycle worksheet.
