Ch 5 The Skeletal System - Free Printable

Problem Overview:

The worksheet focuses on the skeletal system, specifically categorizing bones and understanding their structures. Let's solve each section step by step.

---

Section 1: BONES OVERVIEW

#### Task:
Categorize the following bones into the correct category: Long Bones (L), Short Bones (S), Flat Bones (F), or Irregular Bones (I).

#### Categories:
- Long Bones (L): Bones that are longer than they are wide, typically found in the limbs.
- Short Bones (S): Cuboidal bones, usually found in the wrists and ankles.
- Flat Bones (F): Thin, flattened, and somewhat curved bones that provide protection and attachment points for muscles.
- Irregular Bones (I): Bones with complex shapes that do not fit into the other categories.

#### Bone List:
1. Calcaneus (Heel)
2. Frontal (Forehead)
3. Femur (Upper Leg)
4. Humerus (Upper Arm)
5. Mandible (Jaw)
6. Metacarpal (Lower Hand)
7. Radius (Lower Arm)
8. Sternum (Mid Chest)
9. Vertebra (Piece of Spine)

#### Solution:
- Long Bones (L): Femur (c), Humerus (d), Radius (g)
- Short Bones (S): Metacarpal (f)
- Flat Bones (F): Frontal (b), Sternum (h)
- Irregular Bones (I): Calcaneus (a), Mandible (e), Vertebra (i)

#### Final Answer:
```
a. I b. F c. L
d. L e. I f. S
g. L h. F i. I
```

---

Section 2: Characterizing Statements Relating to Long Bones

#### Task:
Match the terms with the statements about long bones.

#### Terms:
- a. Diaphysis
- b. Epiphyseal Plate
- c. Epiphysis
- d. Red marrow
- e. Yellow Marrow Cavity

#### Statements:
1. Site of spongy bone in the adult.
2. Site of the compact bone in the adult.
3. Site of hematopoiesis in the adult.
4. Scientific name for bone shaft.
5. Site of fat storage in the adult.
6. Site of longitudinal growth in a child.

#### Solution:
1. Site of spongy bone in the adult: Epiphysis (c)
- The epiphysis is the rounded end of a long bone and contains spongy bone in adults.

2. Site of the compact bone in the adult: Diaphysis (a)
- The diaphysis is the main shaft of the bone, which is primarily composed of compact bone.

3. Site of hematopoiesis in the adult: Red marrow (d)
- Hematopoiesis (blood cell formation) occurs in red marrow, which is found in the medullary cavity of certain bones.

4. Scientific name for bone shaft: Diaphysis (a)
- The diaphysis is the scientific term for the shaft of a long bone.

5. Site of fat storage in the adult: Yellow Marrow Cavity (e)
- Yellow marrow, which is primarily adipose tissue, is found in the medullary cavity of long bones and serves as a site for fat storage.

6. Site of longitudinal growth in a child: Epiphyseal Plate (b)
- The epiphyseal plate (growth plate) is responsible for longitudinal growth in children.

#### Final Answer:
```
1. c 2. a 3. d 4. a 5. e 6. b
```

---

Section 3: Matching Descriptions with Terms

#### Task:
Match the descriptions in Column A with the terms in Column B. Then, color the corresponding circles in Figure 5-1.

#### Column A Descriptions:
1. Layers of calcified matrix
2. “Residences” of osteocytes
3. Longitudinal canal, carrying blood vessels and nerves
4. Nonliving, structural part of bone
5. Tiny canals, connecting lacunae

#### Column B Terms:
A. Central (Haversian) canal
B. Concentric lamellae
C. Lacunae
D. Canaliculi
E. Bone matrix
F. Osteocyte

#### Solution:
1. Layers of calcified matrix: Concentric lamellae (B)
- Concentric lamellae are the layers of calcified matrix that form the structure of compact bone.

2. “Residences” of osteocytes: Lacunae (C)
- Lacunae are small spaces within the bone matrix where osteocytes reside.

3. Longitudinal canal, carrying blood vessels and nerves: Central (Haversian) canal (A)
- The Haversian canal runs longitudinally through the bone and contains blood vessels and nerves.

4. Nonliving, structural part of bone: Bone matrix (E)
- The bone matrix is the nonliving, structural component of bone, consisting of collagen fibers and mineral salts.

5. Tiny canals, connecting lacunae: Canaliculi (D)
- Canaliculi are tiny canals that connect lacunae, allowing communication between osteocytes.

#### Final Answer:
```
1. B 2. C 3. A 4. E 5. D
```

#### Coloring Instructions:
- Column A 1: Matched with B (Concentric lamellae) → Color the circle next to B in Figure 5-1.
- Column A 2: Matched with C (Lacunae) → Color the circle next to C in Figure 5-1.
- Column A 3: Matched with A (Central canal) → Color the circle next to A in Figure 5-1.
- Column A 4: Matched with E (Bone matrix) → No circle to color for this term.
- Column A 5: Matched with D (Canaliculi) → Color the circle next to D in Figure 5-1.

---

Final Summary of Answers:

1. Bones Overview:
```
a. I b. F c. L
d. L e. I f. S
g. L h. F i. I
```

2. Characterizing Long Bones:
```
1. c 2. a 3. d 4. a 5. e 6. b
```

3. Matching Descriptions:
```
1. B 2. C 3. A 4. E 5. D
```

Coloring Circles in Figure 5-1:
- Color the circles next to A, B, C, D.

---

Final Boxed Answer:

```
1. a. I b. F c. L
d. L e. I f. S
g. L h. F i. I

2. 1. c 2. a 3. d 4. a 5. e 6. b

3. 1. B 2. C 3. A 4. E 5. D
```