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Step-by-step solution for: Solved Acid Base Reactions -pH and pOH calculations Part 1 ...
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Show Answer Key & Explanations
Step-by-step solution for: Solved Acid Base Reactions -pH and pOH calculations Part 1 ...
Let's solve this step by step. We are given a table with various values of pH, [H₃O⁺], pOH, [OH⁻], and we need to fill in the missing values and determine whether each solution is acidic or basic.
We will use the following key relationships:
1. pH = -log[H₃O⁺]
2. [H₃O⁺] = 10^(-pH)
3. pOH = -log[OH⁻]
4. [OH⁻] = 10^(-pOH)
5. pH + pOH = 14 (at 25°C)
6. [H₃O⁺][OH⁻] = 1.0 × 10⁻¹⁴ (ion product of water, Kw)
Also:
- If pH < 7, the solution is acidic
- If pH > 7, the solution is basic
- If pH = 7, the solution is neutral
---
We'll go row by row and fill in the missing values.
---
- pH = 3.78
- Find [H₃O⁺]:
$[H₃O⁺] = 10^{-3.78} ≈ 1.66 \times 10^{-4} M$
- pOH = 14 - pH = 14 - 3.78 = 10.22
- [OH⁻] = 10^(-10.22) ≈ 6.03 × 10⁻¹¹ M
- pH < 7 → ACID
✔ Row 1:
| pH | [H₃O⁺] | pOH | [OH⁻] | ACID or BASE? |
|----|--------|-----|-------|---------------|
| 3.78 | 1.66×10⁻⁴ | 10.22 | 6.03×10⁻¹¹ | ACID |
---
- [H₃O⁺] = 3.89 × 10⁻⁴ M
- pH = -log(3.89×10⁻⁴) ≈ 3.41
- pOH = 14 - 3.41 = 10.59
- [OH⁻] = 10^(-10.59) ≈ 2.57 × 10⁻¹¹ M
- pH < 7 → ACID
✔ Row 2:
| pH | [H₃O⁺] | pOH | [OH⁻] | ACID or BASE? |
|----|--------|-----|-------|---------------|
| 3.41 | 3.89×10⁻⁴ | 10.59 | 2.57×10⁻¹¹ | ACID |
---
- pOH = 5.19
- pH = 14 - 5.19 = 8.81
- [OH⁻] = 10^(-5.19) ≈ 6.46 × 10⁻⁶ M
- [H₃O⁺] = 10^(-8.81) ≈ 1.55 × 10⁻⁹ M
- pH > 7 → BASE
✔ Row 3:
| pH | [H₃O⁺] | pOH | [OH⁻] | ACID or BASE? |
|----|--------|-----|-------|---------------|
| 8.81 | 1.55×10⁻⁹ | 5.19 | 6.46×10⁻⁶ | BASE |
---
- [OH⁻] = 4.88 × 10⁻⁶ M
- pOH = -log(4.88×10⁻⁶) ≈ 5.31
- pH = 14 - 5.31 = 8.69
- [H₃O⁺] = 10^(-8.69) ≈ 2.04 × 10⁻⁹ M
- pH > 7 → BASE
✔ Row 4:
| pH | [H₃O⁺] | pOH | [OH⁻] | ACID or BASE? |
|----|--------|-----|-------|---------------|
| 8.69 | 2.04×10⁻⁹ | 5.31 | 4.88×10⁻⁶ | BASE |
---
- pH = 8.46
- [H₃O⁺] = 10^(-8.46) ≈ 3.47 × 10⁻⁹ M
- pOH = 14 - 8.46 = 5.54
- [OH⁻] = 10^(-5.54) ≈ 2.88 × 10⁻⁶ M
- pH > 7 → BASE
✔ Row 5:
| pH | [H₃O⁺] | pOH | [OH⁻] | ACID or BASE? |
|----|--------|-----|-------|---------------|
| 8.46 | 3.47×10⁻⁹ | 5.54 | 2.88×10⁻⁶ | BASE |
---
- [H₃O⁺] = 8.45 × 10⁻¹¹ M
- pH = -log(8.45×10⁻¹¹) ≈ 10.07
- pOH = 14 - 10.07 = 3.93
- [OH⁻] = 10^(-3.93) ≈ 1.17 × 10⁻⁴ M
- pH > 7 → BASE
✔ Row 6:
| pH | [H₃O⁺] | pOH | [OH⁻] | ACID or BASE? |
|----|--------|-----|-------|---------------|
| 10.07 | 8.45×10⁻¹¹ | 3.93 | 1.17×10⁻⁴ | BASE |
---
- pOH = 2.14
- pH = 14 - 2.14 = 11.86
- [OH⁻] = 10^(-2.14) ≈ 7.24 × 10⁻³ M
- [H₃O⁺] = 10^(-11.86) ≈ 1.38 × 10⁻¹² M
- pH > 7 → BASE
✔ Row 7:
| pH | [H₃O⁺] | pOH | [OH⁻] | ACID or BASE? |
|----|--------|-----|-------|---------------|
| 11.86 | 1.38×10⁻¹² | 2.14 | 7.24×10⁻³ | BASE |
---
- [OH⁻] = 2.31 × 10⁻¹¹ M
- pOH = -log(2.31×10⁻¹¹) ≈ 10.63
- pH = 14 - 10.63 = 3.37
- [H₃O⁺] = 10^(-3.37) ≈ 4.27 × 10⁻⁴ M
- pH < 7 → ACID
✔ Row 8:
| pH | [H₃O⁺] | pOH | [OH⁻] | ACID or BASE? |
|----|--------|-----|-------|---------------|
| 3.37 | 4.27×10⁻⁴ | 10.63 | 2.31×10⁻¹¹ | ACID |
---
- pH = 10.91
- [H₃O⁺] = 10^(-10.91) ≈ 1.23 × 10⁻¹¹ M
- pOH = 14 - 10.91 = 3.09
- [OH⁻] = 10^(-3.09) ≈ 8.13 × 10⁻⁴ M
- pH > 7 → BASE
✔ Row 9:
| pH | [H₃O⁺] | pOH | [OH⁻] | ACID or BASE? |
|----|--------|-----|-------|---------------|
| 10.91 | 1.23×10⁻¹¹ | 3.09 | 8.13×10⁻⁴ | BASE |
---
- [H₃O⁺] = 7.49 × 10⁻⁴ M
- pH = -log(7.49×10⁻⁴) ≈ 3.13
- pOH = 14 - 3.13 = 10.87
- [OH⁻] = 10^(-10.87) ≈ 1.35 × 10⁻¹¹ M
- pH < 7 → ACID
✔ Row 10:
| pH | [H₃O⁺] | pOH | [OH⁻] | ACID or BASE? |
|----|--------|-----|-------|---------------|
| 3.13 | 7.49×10⁻⁴ | 10.87 | 1.35×10⁻¹¹ | ACID |
---
- pOH = 9.94
- pH = 14 - 9.94 = 4.06
- [OH⁻] = 10^(-9.94) ≈ 1.15 × 10⁻¹⁰ M
- [H₃O⁺] = 10^(-4.06) ≈ 8.71 × 10⁻⁵ M
- pH < 7 → ACID
✔ Row 11:
| pH | [H₃O⁺] | pOH | [OH⁻] | ACID or BASE? |
|----|--------|-----|-------|---------------|
| 4.06 | 8.71×10⁻⁵ | 9.94 | 1.15×10⁻¹⁰ | ACID |
---
- [OH⁻] = 2.57 × 10⁻⁸ M
- pOH = -log(2.57×10⁻⁸) ≈ 7.59
- pH = 14 - 7.59 = 6.41
- [H₃O⁺] = 10^(-6.41) ≈ 3.89 × 10⁻⁷ M
- pH < 7 → ACID
✔ Row 12:
| pH | [H₃O⁺] | pOH | [OH⁻] | ACID or BASE? |
|----|--------|-----|-------|---------------|
| 6.41 | 3.89×10⁻⁷ | 7.59 | 2.57×10⁻⁸ | ACID |
---
- pH = 4.16
- [H₃O⁺] = 10^(-4.16) ≈ 6.92 × 10⁻⁵ M
- pOH = 14 - 4.16 = 9.84
- [OH⁻] = 10^(-9.84) ≈ 1.45 × 10⁻¹⁰ M
- pH < 7 → ACID
✔ Row 13:
| pH | [H₃O⁺] | pOH | [OH⁻] | ACID or BASE? |
|----|--------|-----|-------|---------------|
| 4.16 | 6.92×10⁻⁵ | 9.84 | 1.45×10⁻¹⁰ | ACID |
---
- [H₃O⁺] = 1.06 × 10⁻¹ M = 0.106 M
- pH = -log(0.106) ≈ 0.97
- pOH = 14 - 0.97 = 13.03
- [OH⁻] = 10^(-13.03) ≈ 9.33 × 10⁻¹⁴ M
- pH < 7 → ACID
✔ Row 14:
| pH | [H₃O⁺] | pOH | [OH⁻] | ACID or BASE? |
|----|--------|-----|-------|---------------|
| 0.97 | 1.06×10⁻¹ | 13.03 | 9.33×10⁻¹⁴ | ACID |
---
- pOH = 3.82
- pH = 14 - 3.82 = 10.18
- [OH⁻] = 10^(-3.82) ≈ 1.51 × 10⁻⁴ M
- [H₃O⁺] = 10^(-10.18) ≈ 6.61 × 10⁻¹¹ M
- pH > 7 → BASE
✔ Row 15:
| pH | [H₃O⁺] | pOH | [OH⁻] | ACID or BASE? |
|----|--------|-----|-------|---------------|
| 10.18 | 6.61×10⁻¹¹ | 3.82 | 1.51×10⁻⁴ | BASE |
---
- [OH⁻] = 8.53 × 10⁻⁷ M
- pOH = -log(8.53×10⁻⁷) ≈ 6.07
- pH = 14 - 6.07 = 7.93
- [H₃O⁺] = 10^(-7.93) ≈ 1.17 × 10⁻⁸ M
- pH > 7 → BASE
✔ Row 16:
| pH | [H₃O⁺] | pOH | [OH⁻] | ACID or BASE? |
|----|--------|-----|-------|---------------|
| 7.93 | 1.17×10⁻⁸ | 6.07 | 8.53×10⁻⁷ | BASE |
---
- pH = 7.05
- [H₃O⁺] = 10^(-7.05) ≈ 8.91 × 10⁻⁸ M
- pOH = 14 - 7.05 = 6.95
- [OH⁻] = 10^(-6.95) ≈ 1.12 × 10⁻⁷ M
- pH > 7 → BASE
✔ Row 17:
| pH | [H₃O⁺] | pOH | [OH⁻] | ACID or BASE? |
|----|--------|-----|-------|---------------|
| 7.05 | 8.91×10⁻⁸ | 6.95 | 1.12×10⁻⁷ | BASE |
---
- [H₃O⁺] = 4.73 × 10⁻¹⁰ M
- pH = -log(4.73×10⁻¹⁰) ≈ 9.33
- pOH = 14 - 9.33 = 4.67
- [OH⁻] = 10^(-4.67) ≈ 2.14 × 10⁻⁵ M
- pH > 7 → BASE
✔ Row 18:
| pH | [H₃O⁺] | pOH | [OH⁻] | ACID or BASE? |
|----|--------|-----|-------|---------------|
| 9.33 | 4.73×10⁻¹⁰ | 4.67 | 2.14×10⁻⁵ | BASE |
---
- pOH = 1.33
- pH = 14 - 1.33 = 12.67
- [OH⁻] = 10^(-1.33) ≈ 4.68 × 10⁻² M
- [H₃O⁺] = 10^(-12.67) ≈ 2.14 × 10⁻¹³ M
- pH > 7 → BASE
✔ Row 19:
| pH | [H₃O⁺] | pOH | [OH⁻] | ACID or BASE? |
|----|--------|-----|-------|---------------|
| 12.67 | 2.14×10⁻¹³ | 1.33 | 4.68×10⁻² | BASE |
---
- [OH⁻] = 9.87 × 10⁻³ M
- pOH = -log(9.87×10⁻³) ≈ 2.00
- pH = 14 - 2.00 = 12.00
- [H₃O⁺] = 10^(-12.00) = 1.00 × 10⁻¹² M
- pH > 7 → BASE
✔ Row 20:
| pH | [H₃O⁺] | pOH | [OH⁻] | ACID or BASE? |
|----|--------|-----|-------|---------------|
| 12.00 | 1.00×10⁻¹² | 2.00 | 9.87×10⁻³ | BASE |
---
- pH = 11.68
- [H₃O⁺] = 10^(-11.68) ≈ 2.09 × 10⁻¹² M
- pOH = 14 - 11.68 = 2.32
- [OH⁻] = 10^(-2.32) ≈ 4.79 × 10⁻³ M
- pH > 7 → BASE
✔ Row 21:
| pH | [H₃O⁺] | pOH | [OH⁻] | ACID or BASE? |
|----|--------|-----|-------|---------------|
| 11.68 | 2.09×10⁻¹² | 2.32 | 4.79×10⁻³ | BASE |
---
- [H₃O⁺] = 9.22 × 10⁻⁴ M
- pH = -log(9.22×10⁻⁴) ≈ 3.03
- pOH = 14 - 3.03 = 10.97
- [OH⁻] = 10^(-10.97) ≈ 1.07 × 10⁻¹¹ M
- pH < 7 → ACID
✔ Row 22:
| pH | [H₃O⁺] | pOH | [OH⁻] | ACID or BASE? |
|----|--------|-----|-------|---------------|
| 3.03 | 9.22×10⁻⁴ | 10.97 | 1.07×10⁻¹¹ | ACID |
---
- pOH = 12.24
- pH = 14 - 12.24 = 1.76
- [OH⁻] = 10^(-12.24) ≈ 5.75 × 10⁻¹³ M
- [H₃O⁺] = 10^(-1.76) ≈ 1.74 × 10⁻² M
- pH < 7 → ACID
✔ Row 23:
| pH | [H₃O⁺] | pOH | [OH⁻] | ACID or BASE? |
|----|--------|-----|-------|---------------|
| 1.76 | 1.74×10⁻² | 12.24 | 5.75×10⁻¹³ | ACID |
---
- [OH⁻] = 5.39 × 10⁻¹² M
- pOH = -log(5.39×10⁻¹²) ≈ 11.27
- pH = 14 - 11.27 = 2.73
- [H₃O⁺] = 10^(-2.73) ≈ 1.91 × 10⁻³ M
- pH < 7 → ACID
✔ Row 24:
| pH | [H₃O⁺] | pOH | [OH⁻] | ACID or BASE? |
|----|--------|-----|-------|---------------|
| 2.73 | 1.91×10⁻³ | 11.27 | 5.39×10⁻¹² | ACID |
---
## ✔ Final Completed Table
| pH | [H₃O⁺] | pOH | [OH⁻] | ACID or BASE? |
|------|----------------|------|----------------|----------------|
| 3.78 | 1.66×10⁻⁴ | 10.22| 6.03×10⁻¹¹ | ACID |
| 3.41 | 3.89×10⁻⁴ | 10.59| 2.57×10⁻¹¹ | ACID |
| 8.81 | 1.55×10⁻⁹ | 5.19 | 6.46×10⁻⁶ | BASE |
| 8.69 | 2.04×10⁻⁹ | 5.31 | 4.88×10⁻⁶ | BASE |
| 8.46 | 3.47×10⁻⁹ | 5.54 | 2.88×10⁻⁶ | BASE |
| 10.07| 8.45×10⁻¹¹ | 3.93 | 1.17×10⁻⁴ | BASE |
| 11.86| 1.38×10⁻¹² | 2.14 | 7.24×10⁻³ | BASE |
| 3.37 | 4.27×10⁻⁴ | 10.63| 2.31×10⁻¹¹ | ACID |
| 10.91| 1.23×10⁻¹¹ | 3.09 | 8.13×10⁻⁴ | BASE |
| 3.13 | 7.49×10⁻⁴ | 10.87| 1.35×10⁻¹¹ | ACID |
| 4.06 | 8.71×10⁻⁵ | 9.94 | 1.15×10⁻¹⁰ | ACID |
| 6.41 | 3.89×10⁻⁷ | 7.59 | 2.57×10⁻⁸ | ACID |
| 4.16 | 6.92×10⁻⁵ | 9.84 | 1.45×10⁻¹⁰ | ACID |
| 0.97 | 1.06×10⁻¹ | 13.03| 9.33×10⁻¹⁴ | ACID |
| 10.18| 6.61×10⁻¹¹ | 3.82 | 1.51×10⁻⁴ | BASE |
| 7.93 | 1.17×10⁻⁸ | 6.07 | 8.53×10⁻⁷ | BASE |
| 7.05 | 8.91×10⁻⁸ | 6.95 | 1.12×10⁻⁷ | BASE |
| 9.33 | 4.73×10⁻¹⁰ | 4.67 | 2.14×10⁻⁵ | BASE |
| 12.67| 2.14×10⁻¹³ | 1.33 | 4.68×10⁻² | BASE |
| 12.00| 1.00×10⁻¹² | 2.00 | 9.87×10⁻³ | BASE |
| 11.68| 2.09×10⁻¹² | 2.32 | 4.79×10⁻³ | BASE |
| 3.03 | 9.22×10⁻⁴ | 10.97| 1.07×10⁻¹¹ | ACID |
| 1.76 | 1.74×10⁻² | 12.24| 5.75×10⁻¹³ | ACID |
| 2.73 | 1.91×10⁻³ | 11.27| 5.39×10⁻¹² | ACID |
---
- All values were calculated using logarithmic relationships.
- pH < 7 → Acidic
- pH > 7 → Basic
- The ion product of water, Kw = [H₃O⁺][OH⁻] = 1.0×10⁻¹⁴, was used implicitly.
Let me know if you'd like this in a downloadable format or as a spreadsheet!
We will use the following key relationships:
1. pH = -log[H₃O⁺]
2. [H₃O⁺] = 10^(-pH)
3. pOH = -log[OH⁻]
4. [OH⁻] = 10^(-pOH)
5. pH + pOH = 14 (at 25°C)
6. [H₃O⁺][OH⁻] = 1.0 × 10⁻¹⁴ (ion product of water, Kw)
Also:
- If pH < 7, the solution is acidic
- If pH > 7, the solution is basic
- If pH = 7, the solution is neutral
---
We'll go row by row and fill in the missing values.
---
Row 1:
- pH = 3.78
- Find [H₃O⁺]:
$[H₃O⁺] = 10^{-3.78} ≈ 1.66 \times 10^{-4} M$
- pOH = 14 - pH = 14 - 3.78 = 10.22
- [OH⁻] = 10^(-10.22) ≈ 6.03 × 10⁻¹¹ M
- pH < 7 → ACID
✔ Row 1:
| pH | [H₃O⁺] | pOH | [OH⁻] | ACID or BASE? |
|----|--------|-----|-------|---------------|
| 3.78 | 1.66×10⁻⁴ | 10.22 | 6.03×10⁻¹¹ | ACID |
---
Row 2:
- [H₃O⁺] = 3.89 × 10⁻⁴ M
- pH = -log(3.89×10⁻⁴) ≈ 3.41
- pOH = 14 - 3.41 = 10.59
- [OH⁻] = 10^(-10.59) ≈ 2.57 × 10⁻¹¹ M
- pH < 7 → ACID
✔ Row 2:
| pH | [H₃O⁺] | pOH | [OH⁻] | ACID or BASE? |
|----|--------|-----|-------|---------------|
| 3.41 | 3.89×10⁻⁴ | 10.59 | 2.57×10⁻¹¹ | ACID |
---
Row 3:
- pOH = 5.19
- pH = 14 - 5.19 = 8.81
- [OH⁻] = 10^(-5.19) ≈ 6.46 × 10⁻⁶ M
- [H₃O⁺] = 10^(-8.81) ≈ 1.55 × 10⁻⁹ M
- pH > 7 → BASE
✔ Row 3:
| pH | [H₃O⁺] | pOH | [OH⁻] | ACID or BASE? |
|----|--------|-----|-------|---------------|
| 8.81 | 1.55×10⁻⁹ | 5.19 | 6.46×10⁻⁶ | BASE |
---
Row 4:
- [OH⁻] = 4.88 × 10⁻⁶ M
- pOH = -log(4.88×10⁻⁶) ≈ 5.31
- pH = 14 - 5.31 = 8.69
- [H₃O⁺] = 10^(-8.69) ≈ 2.04 × 10⁻⁹ M
- pH > 7 → BASE
✔ Row 4:
| pH | [H₃O⁺] | pOH | [OH⁻] | ACID or BASE? |
|----|--------|-----|-------|---------------|
| 8.69 | 2.04×10⁻⁹ | 5.31 | 4.88×10⁻⁶ | BASE |
---
Row 5:
- pH = 8.46
- [H₃O⁺] = 10^(-8.46) ≈ 3.47 × 10⁻⁹ M
- pOH = 14 - 8.46 = 5.54
- [OH⁻] = 10^(-5.54) ≈ 2.88 × 10⁻⁶ M
- pH > 7 → BASE
✔ Row 5:
| pH | [H₃O⁺] | pOH | [OH⁻] | ACID or BASE? |
|----|--------|-----|-------|---------------|
| 8.46 | 3.47×10⁻⁹ | 5.54 | 2.88×10⁻⁶ | BASE |
---
Row 6:
- [H₃O⁺] = 8.45 × 10⁻¹¹ M
- pH = -log(8.45×10⁻¹¹) ≈ 10.07
- pOH = 14 - 10.07 = 3.93
- [OH⁻] = 10^(-3.93) ≈ 1.17 × 10⁻⁴ M
- pH > 7 → BASE
✔ Row 6:
| pH | [H₃O⁺] | pOH | [OH⁻] | ACID or BASE? |
|----|--------|-----|-------|---------------|
| 10.07 | 8.45×10⁻¹¹ | 3.93 | 1.17×10⁻⁴ | BASE |
---
Row 7:
- pOH = 2.14
- pH = 14 - 2.14 = 11.86
- [OH⁻] = 10^(-2.14) ≈ 7.24 × 10⁻³ M
- [H₃O⁺] = 10^(-11.86) ≈ 1.38 × 10⁻¹² M
- pH > 7 → BASE
✔ Row 7:
| pH | [H₃O⁺] | pOH | [OH⁻] | ACID or BASE? |
|----|--------|-----|-------|---------------|
| 11.86 | 1.38×10⁻¹² | 2.14 | 7.24×10⁻³ | BASE |
---
Row 8:
- [OH⁻] = 2.31 × 10⁻¹¹ M
- pOH = -log(2.31×10⁻¹¹) ≈ 10.63
- pH = 14 - 10.63 = 3.37
- [H₃O⁺] = 10^(-3.37) ≈ 4.27 × 10⁻⁴ M
- pH < 7 → ACID
✔ Row 8:
| pH | [H₃O⁺] | pOH | [OH⁻] | ACID or BASE? |
|----|--------|-----|-------|---------------|
| 3.37 | 4.27×10⁻⁴ | 10.63 | 2.31×10⁻¹¹ | ACID |
---
Row 9:
- pH = 10.91
- [H₃O⁺] = 10^(-10.91) ≈ 1.23 × 10⁻¹¹ M
- pOH = 14 - 10.91 = 3.09
- [OH⁻] = 10^(-3.09) ≈ 8.13 × 10⁻⁴ M
- pH > 7 → BASE
✔ Row 9:
| pH | [H₃O⁺] | pOH | [OH⁻] | ACID or BASE? |
|----|--------|-----|-------|---------------|
| 10.91 | 1.23×10⁻¹¹ | 3.09 | 8.13×10⁻⁴ | BASE |
---
Row 10:
- [H₃O⁺] = 7.49 × 10⁻⁴ M
- pH = -log(7.49×10⁻⁴) ≈ 3.13
- pOH = 14 - 3.13 = 10.87
- [OH⁻] = 10^(-10.87) ≈ 1.35 × 10⁻¹¹ M
- pH < 7 → ACID
✔ Row 10:
| pH | [H₃O⁺] | pOH | [OH⁻] | ACID or BASE? |
|----|--------|-----|-------|---------------|
| 3.13 | 7.49×10⁻⁴ | 10.87 | 1.35×10⁻¹¹ | ACID |
---
Row 11:
- pOH = 9.94
- pH = 14 - 9.94 = 4.06
- [OH⁻] = 10^(-9.94) ≈ 1.15 × 10⁻¹⁰ M
- [H₃O⁺] = 10^(-4.06) ≈ 8.71 × 10⁻⁵ M
- pH < 7 → ACID
✔ Row 11:
| pH | [H₃O⁺] | pOH | [OH⁻] | ACID or BASE? |
|----|--------|-----|-------|---------------|
| 4.06 | 8.71×10⁻⁵ | 9.94 | 1.15×10⁻¹⁰ | ACID |
---
Row 12:
- [OH⁻] = 2.57 × 10⁻⁸ M
- pOH = -log(2.57×10⁻⁸) ≈ 7.59
- pH = 14 - 7.59 = 6.41
- [H₃O⁺] = 10^(-6.41) ≈ 3.89 × 10⁻⁷ M
- pH < 7 → ACID
✔ Row 12:
| pH | [H₃O⁺] | pOH | [OH⁻] | ACID or BASE? |
|----|--------|-----|-------|---------------|
| 6.41 | 3.89×10⁻⁷ | 7.59 | 2.57×10⁻⁸ | ACID |
---
Row 13:
- pH = 4.16
- [H₃O⁺] = 10^(-4.16) ≈ 6.92 × 10⁻⁵ M
- pOH = 14 - 4.16 = 9.84
- [OH⁻] = 10^(-9.84) ≈ 1.45 × 10⁻¹⁰ M
- pH < 7 → ACID
✔ Row 13:
| pH | [H₃O⁺] | pOH | [OH⁻] | ACID or BASE? |
|----|--------|-----|-------|---------------|
| 4.16 | 6.92×10⁻⁵ | 9.84 | 1.45×10⁻¹⁰ | ACID |
---
Row 14:
- [H₃O⁺] = 1.06 × 10⁻¹ M = 0.106 M
- pH = -log(0.106) ≈ 0.97
- pOH = 14 - 0.97 = 13.03
- [OH⁻] = 10^(-13.03) ≈ 9.33 × 10⁻¹⁴ M
- pH < 7 → ACID
✔ Row 14:
| pH | [H₃O⁺] | pOH | [OH⁻] | ACID or BASE? |
|----|--------|-----|-------|---------------|
| 0.97 | 1.06×10⁻¹ | 13.03 | 9.33×10⁻¹⁴ | ACID |
---
Row 15:
- pOH = 3.82
- pH = 14 - 3.82 = 10.18
- [OH⁻] = 10^(-3.82) ≈ 1.51 × 10⁻⁴ M
- [H₃O⁺] = 10^(-10.18) ≈ 6.61 × 10⁻¹¹ M
- pH > 7 → BASE
✔ Row 15:
| pH | [H₃O⁺] | pOH | [OH⁻] | ACID or BASE? |
|----|--------|-----|-------|---------------|
| 10.18 | 6.61×10⁻¹¹ | 3.82 | 1.51×10⁻⁴ | BASE |
---
Row 16:
- [OH⁻] = 8.53 × 10⁻⁷ M
- pOH = -log(8.53×10⁻⁷) ≈ 6.07
- pH = 14 - 6.07 = 7.93
- [H₃O⁺] = 10^(-7.93) ≈ 1.17 × 10⁻⁸ M
- pH > 7 → BASE
✔ Row 16:
| pH | [H₃O⁺] | pOH | [OH⁻] | ACID or BASE? |
|----|--------|-----|-------|---------------|
| 7.93 | 1.17×10⁻⁸ | 6.07 | 8.53×10⁻⁷ | BASE |
---
Row 17:
- pH = 7.05
- [H₃O⁺] = 10^(-7.05) ≈ 8.91 × 10⁻⁸ M
- pOH = 14 - 7.05 = 6.95
- [OH⁻] = 10^(-6.95) ≈ 1.12 × 10⁻⁷ M
- pH > 7 → BASE
✔ Row 17:
| pH | [H₃O⁺] | pOH | [OH⁻] | ACID or BASE? |
|----|--------|-----|-------|---------------|
| 7.05 | 8.91×10⁻⁸ | 6.95 | 1.12×10⁻⁷ | BASE |
---
Row 18:
- [H₃O⁺] = 4.73 × 10⁻¹⁰ M
- pH = -log(4.73×10⁻¹⁰) ≈ 9.33
- pOH = 14 - 9.33 = 4.67
- [OH⁻] = 10^(-4.67) ≈ 2.14 × 10⁻⁵ M
- pH > 7 → BASE
✔ Row 18:
| pH | [H₃O⁺] | pOH | [OH⁻] | ACID or BASE? |
|----|--------|-----|-------|---------------|
| 9.33 | 4.73×10⁻¹⁰ | 4.67 | 2.14×10⁻⁵ | BASE |
---
Row 19:
- pOH = 1.33
- pH = 14 - 1.33 = 12.67
- [OH⁻] = 10^(-1.33) ≈ 4.68 × 10⁻² M
- [H₃O⁺] = 10^(-12.67) ≈ 2.14 × 10⁻¹³ M
- pH > 7 → BASE
✔ Row 19:
| pH | [H₃O⁺] | pOH | [OH⁻] | ACID or BASE? |
|----|--------|-----|-------|---------------|
| 12.67 | 2.14×10⁻¹³ | 1.33 | 4.68×10⁻² | BASE |
---
Row 20:
- [OH⁻] = 9.87 × 10⁻³ M
- pOH = -log(9.87×10⁻³) ≈ 2.00
- pH = 14 - 2.00 = 12.00
- [H₃O⁺] = 10^(-12.00) = 1.00 × 10⁻¹² M
- pH > 7 → BASE
✔ Row 20:
| pH | [H₃O⁺] | pOH | [OH⁻] | ACID or BASE? |
|----|--------|-----|-------|---------------|
| 12.00 | 1.00×10⁻¹² | 2.00 | 9.87×10⁻³ | BASE |
---
Row 21:
- pH = 11.68
- [H₃O⁺] = 10^(-11.68) ≈ 2.09 × 10⁻¹² M
- pOH = 14 - 11.68 = 2.32
- [OH⁻] = 10^(-2.32) ≈ 4.79 × 10⁻³ M
- pH > 7 → BASE
✔ Row 21:
| pH | [H₃O⁺] | pOH | [OH⁻] | ACID or BASE? |
|----|--------|-----|-------|---------------|
| 11.68 | 2.09×10⁻¹² | 2.32 | 4.79×10⁻³ | BASE |
---
Row 22:
- [H₃O⁺] = 9.22 × 10⁻⁴ M
- pH = -log(9.22×10⁻⁴) ≈ 3.03
- pOH = 14 - 3.03 = 10.97
- [OH⁻] = 10^(-10.97) ≈ 1.07 × 10⁻¹¹ M
- pH < 7 → ACID
✔ Row 22:
| pH | [H₃O⁺] | pOH | [OH⁻] | ACID or BASE? |
|----|--------|-----|-------|---------------|
| 3.03 | 9.22×10⁻⁴ | 10.97 | 1.07×10⁻¹¹ | ACID |
---
Row 23:
- pOH = 12.24
- pH = 14 - 12.24 = 1.76
- [OH⁻] = 10^(-12.24) ≈ 5.75 × 10⁻¹³ M
- [H₃O⁺] = 10^(-1.76) ≈ 1.74 × 10⁻² M
- pH < 7 → ACID
✔ Row 23:
| pH | [H₃O⁺] | pOH | [OH⁻] | ACID or BASE? |
|----|--------|-----|-------|---------------|
| 1.76 | 1.74×10⁻² | 12.24 | 5.75×10⁻¹³ | ACID |
---
Row 24:
- [OH⁻] = 5.39 × 10⁻¹² M
- pOH = -log(5.39×10⁻¹²) ≈ 11.27
- pH = 14 - 11.27 = 2.73
- [H₃O⁺] = 10^(-2.73) ≈ 1.91 × 10⁻³ M
- pH < 7 → ACID
✔ Row 24:
| pH | [H₃O⁺] | pOH | [OH⁻] | ACID or BASE? |
|----|--------|-----|-------|---------------|
| 2.73 | 1.91×10⁻³ | 11.27 | 5.39×10⁻¹² | ACID |
---
## ✔ Final Completed Table
| pH | [H₃O⁺] | pOH | [OH⁻] | ACID or BASE? |
|------|----------------|------|----------------|----------------|
| 3.78 | 1.66×10⁻⁴ | 10.22| 6.03×10⁻¹¹ | ACID |
| 3.41 | 3.89×10⁻⁴ | 10.59| 2.57×10⁻¹¹ | ACID |
| 8.81 | 1.55×10⁻⁹ | 5.19 | 6.46×10⁻⁶ | BASE |
| 8.69 | 2.04×10⁻⁹ | 5.31 | 4.88×10⁻⁶ | BASE |
| 8.46 | 3.47×10⁻⁹ | 5.54 | 2.88×10⁻⁶ | BASE |
| 10.07| 8.45×10⁻¹¹ | 3.93 | 1.17×10⁻⁴ | BASE |
| 11.86| 1.38×10⁻¹² | 2.14 | 7.24×10⁻³ | BASE |
| 3.37 | 4.27×10⁻⁴ | 10.63| 2.31×10⁻¹¹ | ACID |
| 10.91| 1.23×10⁻¹¹ | 3.09 | 8.13×10⁻⁴ | BASE |
| 3.13 | 7.49×10⁻⁴ | 10.87| 1.35×10⁻¹¹ | ACID |
| 4.06 | 8.71×10⁻⁵ | 9.94 | 1.15×10⁻¹⁰ | ACID |
| 6.41 | 3.89×10⁻⁷ | 7.59 | 2.57×10⁻⁸ | ACID |
| 4.16 | 6.92×10⁻⁵ | 9.84 | 1.45×10⁻¹⁰ | ACID |
| 0.97 | 1.06×10⁻¹ | 13.03| 9.33×10⁻¹⁴ | ACID |
| 10.18| 6.61×10⁻¹¹ | 3.82 | 1.51×10⁻⁴ | BASE |
| 7.93 | 1.17×10⁻⁸ | 6.07 | 8.53×10⁻⁷ | BASE |
| 7.05 | 8.91×10⁻⁸ | 6.95 | 1.12×10⁻⁷ | BASE |
| 9.33 | 4.73×10⁻¹⁰ | 4.67 | 2.14×10⁻⁵ | BASE |
| 12.67| 2.14×10⁻¹³ | 1.33 | 4.68×10⁻² | BASE |
| 12.00| 1.00×10⁻¹² | 2.00 | 9.87×10⁻³ | BASE |
| 11.68| 2.09×10⁻¹² | 2.32 | 4.79×10⁻³ | BASE |
| 3.03 | 9.22×10⁻⁴ | 10.97| 1.07×10⁻¹¹ | ACID |
| 1.76 | 1.74×10⁻² | 12.24| 5.75×10⁻¹³ | ACID |
| 2.73 | 1.91×10⁻³ | 11.27| 5.39×10⁻¹² | ACID |
---
Summary:
- All values were calculated using logarithmic relationships.
- pH < 7 → Acidic
- pH > 7 → Basic
- The ion product of water, Kw = [H₃O⁺][OH⁻] = 1.0×10⁻¹⁴, was used implicitly.
Let me know if you'd like this in a downloadable format or as a spreadsheet!
Parent Tip: Review the logic above to help your child master the concept of chemistry ph and poh calculations worksheet.
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