1. A molecular formula shows the actual number of each type of atom in a molecule (e.g., H₂O). A structural formula shows how atoms are bonded together (e.g., H–O–H). An electron dot formula (Lewis structure) shows valence electrons as dots and bonds as lines or pairs of dots (e.g., H:O:H with two dots above and below O).
2. Single covalent bonds involve 2 shared electrons (one pair), double covalent bonds involve 4 shared electrons (two pairs), and triple covalent bonds involve 6 shared electrons (three pairs).
3.
a) Cl₂
Rough copy (work): Cl with 7 dots, Cl with 7 dots, sharing one pair
Electron dot: :Cl:Cl: (with 6 dots total around each Cl, 2 shared)
Structural: Cl—Cl
b) H₂S
Rough copy (work): S with 6 dots, two H atoms each with 1 dot, each H shares one pair with S
Electron dot: H:S:H (with 4 dots around S, 2 on top and 2 on bottom)
Structural: H—S—H
c) IBr
Rough copy (work): I with 7 dots, Br with 7 dots, sharing one pair
Electron dot: :I:Br: (with 6 dots total around each, 2 shared)
Structural: I—Br
Parent Tip: Review the logic above to help your child master the concept of covalent bonding worksheet.
