1. H + H → H:H → H-H (Single Bond)
2. F + F → :F:F: → F-F (Single Bond)
3. O + O → :O::O: → O=O (Double Bond)
4. N + N → :N:::N: → N≡N (Triple Bond)
5. B + F → F:B:F (with one F above and one below, forming BF₃; Boron has 6 electrons, each F has 8)
6. N + H → H:N:H (with one H above and two H’s around N, forming NH₃; Nitrogen has 8 electrons, each H has 2)
7. O + C + O → :O::C::O: → O=C=O (Carbon dioxide; double bonds on both sides)
8. C + H → H:C:H (with two more H’s around C, forming CH₄; Carbon has 8 electrons, each H has 2)
9. H + O + H → H:O:H → H-O-H (Water; oxygen has 8 electrons, each H has 2)
10. O + S + O → :O::S::O: → O=S=O (Sulfur dioxide; sulfur shares 4 electrons with each O, but one pair is “slit up” meaning it’s a resonance structure with one double bond and one coordinate bond or delocalized electrons — typically drawn as O=S→O or with one double and one single bond with formal charges)
Parent Tip: Review the logic above to help your child master the concept of covalent bonding ws.
