1. Fill in the missing information on the chart.
| Element | # of Protons | # of Electrons | # of Valence Electrons |
|-------------|--------------|----------------|------------------------|
| Sodium | 11 | 11 | 1 |
| Chlorine | 17 | 17 | 7 |
| Beryllium | 4 | 4 | 2 |
| Fluorine | 9 | 9 | 7 |
| Lithium | 3 | 3 | 1 |
| Oxygen | 8 | 8 | 6 |
| Phosphorus | 15 | 15 | 5 |
2. For each of the following ionic bonds:
- Write the symbols for each element.
- Draw a Lewis Dot structure for the valence shell of each element.
- Use an arrow (or more if needed) to show the transfer of electrons to the new element.
- Write the charges on the ions.
- Write the resulting chemical formula.
a) Sodium + Chlorine
- Symbols: Na, Cl
- Lewis Dot: Na• and :Cl: with 6 dots around Cl (total 7 valence)
- Arrow: from Na• to one dot of Cl
- Charges: Na⁺, Cl⁻
- Formula: NaCl
b) Magnesium + Iodine
- Symbols: Mg, I
- Lewis Dot: •Mg• and :I: with 6 dots around I (total 7 valence)
- Arrows: two arrows from Mg to two separate I atoms (each I gains one electron)
- Charges: Mg²⁺, I⁻ (each)
- Formula: MgI₂
c) Sodium + Oxygen
- Symbols: Na, O
- Lewis Dot: Na• and :O: with 4 dots (total 6 valence)
- Arrows: two arrows from two Na atoms to O
- Charges: Na⁺ (each), O²⁻
- Formula: Na₂O
d) Calcium + Chlorine
- Symbols: Ca, Cl
- Lewis Dot: •Ca• and :Cl: with 6 dots (total 7 valence)
- Arrows: two arrows from Ca to two separate Cl atoms
- Charges: Ca²⁺, Cl⁻ (each)
- Formula: CaCl₂
e) Aluminum + Chlorine
- Symbols: Al, Cl
- Lewis Dot: •Al• with one dot (total 3 valence) and :Cl: with 6 dots (total 7 valence)
- Arrows: three arrows from Al to three separate Cl atoms
- Charges: Al³⁺, Cl⁻ (each)
- Formula: AlCl₃
Parent Tip: Review the logic above to help your child master the concept of covalent bonds worksheet.
