Science worksheet with questions on identifying variables in experiments.

It looks like you've uploaded a document with several science experiment scenarios, and you're being asked to identify the Independent Variable (IV), Dependent Variable (DV), and Constants in each scenario. Let's go through each one step by step.

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5. Jessica wanted to see which kitchen cleaner worked best for cleaning her counters. She used: Dawn, Clorox, and just water. For each cleaner, she put 5 milliliters of grape juice on the counter, sprayed the cleaner, and wiped it with one paper towel.

- Independent Variable (IV): The type of cleaner used (Dawn, Clorox, water)
→ This is what Jessica is changing to test the effect.

- Dependent Variable (DV): How clean the counter became (or how much grape juice was removed)
→ This is what she is measuring or observing.

- Constants:
- Amount of grape juice (5 mL)
- Type of surface (counter)
- Method of cleaning (spray + wipe with one paper towel)
- Paper towel used
→ These are kept the same so only the cleaner affects the result.

✔ Answer:
- IV: Type of cleaner
- DV: Cleanliness of the counter
- Constants: Amount of grape juice, method of cleaning, surface, paper towel

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6. Evan wanted to find out what toothpaste made teeth the cleanest. Everyday he brushed his teeth with a different product and then took a plaque test to see how much plaque was left. He used Crest, Colgate, Close-up, and water.

- Independent Variable (IV): Type of toothpaste used (Crest, Colgate, Close-up, water)
→ What is being changed.

- Dependent Variable (DV): Amount of plaque left after brushing
→ What is being measured.

- Constants:
- Brushing technique (assumed same)
- Time spent brushing
- Toothbrush used
- Frequency of brushing (daily)
→ These should remain consistent across trials.

✔ Answer:
- IV: Type of toothpaste
- DV: Amount of plaque left
- Constants: Brushing method, toothbrush, time, frequency

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7. Angelique wanted to find out what shampoo made her hair the shiniest. Everyday she washed her hair with different shampoos and then rated how shiny her hair was, on a scale from 1–10. She used Pantene, Herbal Essences, L’Oreal, and just water.

- Independent Variable (IV): Type of shampoo used (Pantene, Herbal Essences, L’Oreal, water)
→ The factor being tested.

- Dependent Variable (DV): Shiness of hair (rated on a scale of 1–10)
→ The outcome being measured.

- Constants:
- Hair washing method
- Water temperature
- Amount of shampoo used
- Drying method
- Rating scale and conditions (same lighting, etc.)
→ These need to be controlled.

✔ Answer:
- IV: Type of shampoo
- DV: Hair shine rating
- Constants: Washing method, water temp, drying method, amount of shampoo

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8. Harrison wanted to find out what soil works best for growing roses. He grew them in potting soil, clay, sand, and loam and found out how much they grew. After one week, he measured their height and how many leaves they had.

- Independent Variable (IV): Type of soil (potting soil, clay, sand, loam)
→ What is being changed.

- Dependent Variable (DV): Growth of the roses (height and number of leaves)
→ What is being measured.

- Constants:
- Type of plant (roses)
- Amount of sunlight
- Watering schedule
- Pot size
- Temperature
→ These must stay the same to isolate the effect of soil.

✔ Answer:
- IV: Type of soil
- DV: Height and number of leaves
- Constants: Plant type, light, water, pot size, temperature

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9. Emily wanted to see what battery lasted the longest. She put each battery into a clock and recorded the time that the clock stopped. She used Duracell, Energizer, Kroger brand, and EverReady.

- Independent Variable (IV): Type of battery (Duracell, Energizer, Kroger, EverReady)
→ What is being tested.

- Dependent Variable (DV): How long the clock ran (time until it stopped)
→ What is being measured.

- Constants:
- Type of clock (same model)
- Conditions (temperature, usage, etc.)
- How batteries were installed
→ All clocks must be identical and used under same conditions.

✔ Answer:
- IV: Type of battery
- DV: Duration the clock ran
- Constants: Clock type, environment, installation method

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✔ Final Answers:

| Question | Independent Variable (IV) | Dependent Variable (DV) | Constants |
|--------|----------------------------------|-----------------------------------|-----------|
| 5 | Type of cleaner | Cleanliness of counter | Grape juice amount, method, paper towel, surface |
| 6 | Type of toothpaste | Amount of plaque left | Brushing method, toothbrush, time, frequency |
| 7 | Type of shampoo | Hair shine rating | Washing method, water temp, drying, amount of shampoo |
| 8 | Type of soil | Height and number of leaves | Plant type, light, water, pot size, temperature |
| 9 | Type of battery | Time clock ran | Clock type, environment, installation |

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