Dihybrid Cross Worksheet 2 with genetics problems and a Punnett square for analyzing seed color and texture inheritance.

Problem Analysis:

The problem involves a dihybrid cross in pea plants, where two traits are being considered:
1. Seed color: Green (G) is dominant over yellow (g).
2. Seed texture: Smooth (S) is dominant over wrinkled (s).

The parents are:
- Parent 1: Homozygous green and heterozygous smooth (GG Ss).
- Parent 2: Heterozygous yellow and heterozygous smooth (Gg Ss).

We need to determine the genotypes of the F1 generation and analyze the proportions of different phenotypes.

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Solution:

#### Step 1: Identify the Genotypes of P1 Parents
- Parent 1: GG Ss
- Parent 2: Gg Ss

#### Step 2: Determine the Gametes Produced by Each Parent
- Parent 1 (GG Ss):
- Since GG is homozygous, it will always produce gametes with G.
- For the Ss locus, it will produce gametes with either S or s.
- Possible gametes: GS, Gs

- Parent 2 (Gg Ss):
- For the Gg locus, it will produce gametes with either G or g.
- For the Ss locus, it will produce gametes with either S or s.
- Possible gametes: GS, Gs, gS, gs

#### Step 3: Create the Dihybrid Cross Table
We now combine the gametes from both parents in a Punnett square.

| | GS | Gs | gS | gs |
|-------|------|------|------|------|
| GS | GGSS | GGSs | GgSS | GgSs |
| Gs | GGSs | GGss | GgSs | Ggss |
| gS | GgSS | GgSs | ggSS | ggSs |
| gs | GgSs | Ggss | ggSs | ggs |

#### Step 4: Analyze the F1 Generation
From the Punnett square, we can list all possible genotypes of the F1 offspring:
- GGSS, GGSs, GgSS, GgSs, GGss, GgSs, ggSS, ggSs, ggss

#### Step 5: Answer the Questions

##### Question 2a: What proportion of F1 offspring have green seeds?
- Green seeds are produced by any genotype containing at least one G allele (GG or Gg).
- From the Punnett square:
- Genotypes with green seeds: GGSS, GGSs, GgSS, GgSs, GGss, GgSs
- Total green seed genotypes: 12 out of 16
- Proportion: \( \frac{12}{16} = \frac{3}{4} = 75\% \)

##### Question 2b: What proportion of F1 offspring have wrinkled seeds?
- Wrinkled seeds are produced by the ss genotype.
- From the Punnett square:
- Genotypes with wrinkled seeds: GGss, Ggss, ggss
- Total wrinkled seed genotypes: 4 out of 16
- Proportion: \( \frac{4}{16} = \frac{1}{4} = 25\% \)

##### Question 2c: What proportion of F1 offspring are heterozygous smooth seeds?
- Heterozygous smooth seeds are produced by the Ss genotype.
- From the Punnett square:
- Genotypes with heterozygous smooth seeds: GGSs, GgSs, GGss, Ggss
- Total heterozygous smooth seed genotypes: 8 out of 16
- Proportion: \( \frac{8}{16} = \frac{1}{2} = 50\% \)

##### Question 2d: What is the probability of F1 peas with yellow seeds being produced?
- Yellow seeds are produced by the gg genotype.
- From the Punnett square:
- Genotypes with yellow seeds: ggSS, ggSs, ggss
- Total yellow seed genotypes: 4 out of 16
- Probability: \( \frac{4}{16} = \frac{1}{4} = 25\% \)

##### Question 2e: What is the probability of producing wrinkled yellow F1 seeds?
- Wrinkled yellow seeds are produced by the ggss genotype.
- From the Punnett square:
- Genotypes with wrinkled yellow seeds: ggss
- Total wrinkled yellow seed genotypes: 1 out of 16
- Probability: \( \frac{1}{16} = 6.25\% \)

##### Question 2f: What is the probability of producing F1 green, wrinkled seeds?
- Green wrinkled seeds are produced by any genotype containing at least one G allele and the ss genotype.
- From the Punnett square:
- Genotypes with green wrinkled seeds: GGss, Ggss
- Total green wrinkled seed genotypes: 4 out of 16
- Probability: \( \frac{4}{16} = \frac{1}{4} = 25\% \)

##### Question 2g: List out all possible F1 genotypes
- From the Punnett square:
- Possible genotypes: GGSS, GGSs, GgSS, GgSs, GGss, Ggss, ggSS, ggSs, ggss

##### Question 2h: Which genotypes would produce green and smooth seeds?
- Green smooth seeds are produced by any genotype containing at least one G allele and at least one S allele.
- From the Punnett square:
- Genotypes with green smooth seeds: GGSS, GGSs, GgSS, GgSs
- These genotypes produce green and smooth seeds.

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Final Answers:

\[
\boxed{
\begin{array}{l}
\text{a. } 75\% \\
\text{b. } 25\% \\
\text{c. } 50\% \\
\text{d. } 25\% \\
\text{e. } 6.25\% \\
\text{f. } 25\% \\
\text{g. } \text{GGSS, GGSs, GgSS, GgSs, GGss, Ggss, ggSS, ggSs, ggss} \\
\text{h. } \text{GGSS, GGSs, GgSS, GgSs}
\end{array}
}
\]