Solved Name Date Worksheet on DNA, RNA, and Protein | Chegg.com - Free Printable
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Step-by-step solution for: Solved Name Date Worksheet on DNA, RNA, and Protein | Chegg.com
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Step-by-step solution for: Solved Name Date Worksheet on DNA, RNA, and Protein | Chegg.com
Here’s the completed worksheet with accurate, biology-based answers and explanations for each question:
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1. The letters "DNA" stand for
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
> *Explanation:* DNA is the acronym for deoxyribonucleic acid — the molecule that carries genetic instructions in all known living organisms.
---
2. DNA is composed of smaller subunits known as
Nucleotides
> *Explanation:* Nucleotides are the building blocks (monomers) of DNA. Each nucleotide consists of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.
---
3. The three parts of a nucleotide are
Phosphate group, Deoxyribose sugar, and Nitrogenous base
> *Explanation:* Every nucleotide has these three components:
> - Phosphate group (forms the “backbone” with sugar)
> - Deoxyribose (a 5-carbon sugar specific to DNA)
> - Nitrogenous base (adenine, thymine, cytosine, or guanine)
---
4. The four nitrogen bases that are found in DNA are
Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, and Guanine
> *Explanation:* These are the four chemical “letters” that encode genetic information. They pair specifically: A with T, C with G.
---
5. Two of the nitrogen bases are single ring structures known as
Pyrimidines.
These two bases are Cytosine and Thymine
> *Explanation:* Pyrimidines are nitrogenous bases with a single six-membered ring. In DNA, they are cytosine (C) and thymine (T).
---
6. The other two bases are double ring structures known as
Purines.
These two bases are Adenine and Guanine
> *Explanation:* Purines have a fused double-ring structure (six-membered + five-membered ring). In DNA, they are adenine (A) and guanine (G).
---
7. How much DNA is crammed into a nucleus?
Approximately 2 meters (or about 6.5 feet) of DNA per human cell
> *Explanation:* Despite being microscopic, the nucleus contains an astonishing amount of DNA — roughly 2 meters long when stretched out, packed tightly via chromatin and histone proteins.
---
8. DNA looks like a ladder twisted into a shape known as a
Double Helix
> *Explanation:* The iconic twisted-ladder shape was discovered by Watson and Crick in 1953. The “sides” are sugar-phosphate backbones; the “rungs” are base pairs.
---
9. The two molecules that make up the sides of the ladder or the side portion of a DNA molecule are
Deoxyribose sugar and Phosphate groups
> *Explanation:* Alternating sugar and phosphate molecules form the structural backbone of each DNA strand.
---
10. The molecules that meet across the middle, forming the steps of the “ladder” are known as
Nitrogenous base pairs (or simply Base pairs)
> *Explanation:* Adenine pairs with thymine, cytosine with guanine — these complementary pairs form the rungs of the DNA ladder.
---
11. Which nitrogen bases always pair with one another?
Adenine with Thymine and Cytosine with Guanine
> *Explanation:* This is called complementary base pairing. A-T forms 2 hydrogen bonds; C-G forms 3 hydrogen bonds — this ensures accurate replication and stability.
---
12. According to Chargaff’s rules, the percentages of
Adenine are equal to those of thymine and the percentages of Cytosine are equal to those of guanine in the DNA molecule.
> *Explanation:* Chargaff’s rule states: %A = %T and %C = %G. This observation helped lead to the discovery of base pairing.
---
13. The nitrogen bases are held together in the center of the molecule by
Hydrogen bonds
> *Explanation:* Hydrogen bonds between complementary bases hold the two strands of DNA together. They’re strong enough to maintain structure but weak enough to allow unzipping during replication.
---
14. The type of sugar found in DNA is
Deoxyribose
> *Explanation:* Unlike RNA (which has ribose), DNA uses deoxyribose — a sugar missing one oxygen atom at the 2’ carbon position, making it more stable for long-term storage of genetic info.
---
✔ Final Tip: You can remember the base pairs with the mnemonic:
“A-T, C-G” — or “Apples in Trees, Cars in Garages”
Let me know if you’d like a diagram or flashcards for memorization!
---
1. The letters "DNA" stand for
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
> *Explanation:* DNA is the acronym for deoxyribonucleic acid — the molecule that carries genetic instructions in all known living organisms.
---
2. DNA is composed of smaller subunits known as
Nucleotides
> *Explanation:* Nucleotides are the building blocks (monomers) of DNA. Each nucleotide consists of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.
---
3. The three parts of a nucleotide are
Phosphate group, Deoxyribose sugar, and Nitrogenous base
> *Explanation:* Every nucleotide has these three components:
> - Phosphate group (forms the “backbone” with sugar)
> - Deoxyribose (a 5-carbon sugar specific to DNA)
> - Nitrogenous base (adenine, thymine, cytosine, or guanine)
---
4. The four nitrogen bases that are found in DNA are
Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, and Guanine
> *Explanation:* These are the four chemical “letters” that encode genetic information. They pair specifically: A with T, C with G.
---
5. Two of the nitrogen bases are single ring structures known as
Pyrimidines.
These two bases are Cytosine and Thymine
> *Explanation:* Pyrimidines are nitrogenous bases with a single six-membered ring. In DNA, they are cytosine (C) and thymine (T).
---
6. The other two bases are double ring structures known as
Purines.
These two bases are Adenine and Guanine
> *Explanation:* Purines have a fused double-ring structure (six-membered + five-membered ring). In DNA, they are adenine (A) and guanine (G).
---
7. How much DNA is crammed into a nucleus?
Approximately 2 meters (or about 6.5 feet) of DNA per human cell
> *Explanation:* Despite being microscopic, the nucleus contains an astonishing amount of DNA — roughly 2 meters long when stretched out, packed tightly via chromatin and histone proteins.
---
8. DNA looks like a ladder twisted into a shape known as a
Double Helix
> *Explanation:* The iconic twisted-ladder shape was discovered by Watson and Crick in 1953. The “sides” are sugar-phosphate backbones; the “rungs” are base pairs.
---
9. The two molecules that make up the sides of the ladder or the side portion of a DNA molecule are
Deoxyribose sugar and Phosphate groups
> *Explanation:* Alternating sugar and phosphate molecules form the structural backbone of each DNA strand.
---
10. The molecules that meet across the middle, forming the steps of the “ladder” are known as
Nitrogenous base pairs (or simply Base pairs)
> *Explanation:* Adenine pairs with thymine, cytosine with guanine — these complementary pairs form the rungs of the DNA ladder.
---
11. Which nitrogen bases always pair with one another?
Adenine with Thymine and Cytosine with Guanine
> *Explanation:* This is called complementary base pairing. A-T forms 2 hydrogen bonds; C-G forms 3 hydrogen bonds — this ensures accurate replication and stability.
---
12. According to Chargaff’s rules, the percentages of
Adenine are equal to those of thymine and the percentages of Cytosine are equal to those of guanine in the DNA molecule.
> *Explanation:* Chargaff’s rule states: %A = %T and %C = %G. This observation helped lead to the discovery of base pairing.
---
13. The nitrogen bases are held together in the center of the molecule by
Hydrogen bonds
> *Explanation:* Hydrogen bonds between complementary bases hold the two strands of DNA together. They’re strong enough to maintain structure but weak enough to allow unzipping during replication.
---
14. The type of sugar found in DNA is
Deoxyribose
> *Explanation:* Unlike RNA (which has ribose), DNA uses deoxyribose — a sugar missing one oxygen atom at the 2’ carbon position, making it more stable for long-term storage of genetic info.
---
✔ Final Tip: You can remember the base pairs with the mnemonic:
“A-T, C-G” — or “Apples in Trees, Cars in Garages”
Let me know if you’d like a diagram or flashcards for memorization!
Parent Tip: Review the logic above to help your child master the concept of dna rna proteins starts with worksheet answers.
