Educational diagram illustrating the structure and components of DNA and mRNA, with instructions for coloring specific parts.

Let’s go step by step to understand what you’re being asked to do in this worksheet.

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This is a coloring and labeling activity about DNA and RNA. You’re not solving math or logic problems — you’re following instructions to color parts of diagrams based on scientific facts.

Here’s what you need to do:

Step 1: Color the DNA double helix (the twisted ladder)

- The sides of the ladder are made of alternating sugar and phosphate.
- Color all phosphates → pink
- Color all deoxyriboses (the sugar) → blue

> Note: In the diagram, one phosphate is labeled “p” and one deoxyribose is labeled “D”. Use those as guides.

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Step 2: Color the rungs (nitrogen bases)

The rungs are pairs of nitrogen bases. There are four types:
- Adenine (A) → pair with Thymine (T)
- Guanine (G) → pair with Cytosine (C)

Color them like this:
- Thymines → orange
- Adenines → green
- Guanines → purple
- Cytosines → yellow

> Remember: A always pairs with T, G always pairs with C. That’s the Base-Pair Rule.

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Step 3: Understand nucleotides

Each rung + its attached sugar and phosphate = one nucleotide.
You already colored the bases above — now make sure the whole nucleotide uses the same colors for consistency.

Also note:
- Purines (adenine and guanine) have double rings → color them purple and green.
- Pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine) have single rings → color them orange and yellow.

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Step 4: Color hydrogen bonds

The two sides of the DNA ladder are held together by hydrogen bonds between the base pairs.
→ Color these gray

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Step 5: Messenger RNA (mRNA) section

mRNA is similar to DNA but has some differences:
- It’s a single strand
- Instead of thymine, it has uracil (U)
- Its sugar is ribose, not deoxyribose

Instructions for mRNA:
- Color the ribose → DARKER BLUE (different from DNA’s blue!)
- Color the uracil → brown

> Also, remember: mRNA does NOT have thymine — so don’t color any thymines brown! Only uracil gets brown.

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Final Checklist Before You Finish:

✔ Phosphates = pink
✔ Deoxyriboses (DNA sugar) = blue
✔ Thymines = orange
✔ Adenines = green
✔ Guanines = purple
✔ Cytosines = yellow
✔ Hydrogen bonds = gray
✔ Ribose (in mRNA) = DARKER BLUE
✔ Uracil (in mRNA) = brown

Make sure you’re coloring the right parts in each diagram — look at the labels (“p”, “D”, etc.) to help you.

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Final Answer:
Follow the coloring instructions exactly as listed above for DNA and mRNA structures. No written answer needed — your completed colored diagram is the solution.