9:17 ,1 ≈26 transcription-translation worksheet.pdf | Chegg.com - Free Printable

Let’s go step by step to solve this worksheet.

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First, look at the diagram. It shows RNA polymerase making an RNA strand from a DNA template. The key tells us:

- A = Adenine
- C = Cytosine
- G = Guanine
- T = Thymine (only in DNA)
- U = Uracil (only in RNA)

In transcription, RNA is built using base pairing rules with the DNA template strand:

- DNA A → RNA U
- DNA T → RNA A
- DNA C → RNA G
- DNA G → RNA C

Now, let’s label the strands in the diagram.

The strand that’s being copied (the one inside the RNA polymerase bubble, running opposite to the new RNA) is the template DNA strand.

The strand that’s newly made and has U instead of T is the RNA backbone — so color it red as instructed.

The other DNA strand (not being copied right now) is the coding strand or non-template strand — but for labeling purposes, we just need to say which is DNA and which is RNA.

Looking at the bases shown on the new strand: you can see “U”s — that means it’s RNA. So the strand with U’s is RNA → color it red.

The two strands still connected in the double helix part are both DNA → color them blue.

So:

→ The strand with U’s = RNA → red
→ The two strands forming the double helix = DNA → blue

Now, question 1: In RNA, which molecule is always paired with uracil?

Remember: In RNA, uracil (U) replaces thymine (T). And in base pairing:

- In DNA: A pairs with T
- In RNA: A pairs with U

But here’s the catch — when RNA is being made from DNA, the DNA template strand has a base that pairs with U in RNA.

If RNA has U, what was on the DNA template? Let’s think:

DNA template base → RNA base
A → U
T → A
C → G
G → C

So if RNA has U, then the DNA template must have had A.

But the question says: “In RNA, which molecule is always paired with uracil?”

Wait — in RNA itself, during translation or in RNA structures, U pairs with A.

Actually, in RNA-RNA pairing (like in tRNA or mRNA folding), U pairs with A.

But in transcription, when RNA is being synthesized, U in RNA pairs with A in DNA.

The question is a bit ambiguous, but since it says “in RNA”, it probably means within RNA molecules or during RNA function — so U pairs with A.

Standard answer: In RNA, uracil pairs with adenine.

✔ Answer to Q1: Adenine (A)

Question 2: Name three differences between an RNA molecule and a DNA molecule.

Here are three clear differences:

1. Sugar: RNA has ribose sugar; DNA has deoxyribose sugar.
2. Bases: RNA uses uracil (U) instead of thymine (T).
3. Structure: RNA is usually single-stranded; DNA is double-stranded.

(You could also say: RNA is shorter-lived, involved in protein synthesis; DNA stores genetic info long-term.)

Now, the table: Comparing DNA Replication and Transcription

We’re given Template DNA, and need to fill in Complementary DNA and Messenger RNA (mRNA).

Base pairing rules:

For Complementary DNA (this is like replication — DNA to DNA):

- A ↔ T
- T ↔ A
- C ↔ G
- G ↔ C

For mRNA (transcription — DNA to RNA):

- DNA A → RNA U
- DNA T → RNA A
- DNA C → RNA G
- DNA G → RNA C

Let’s do each row.

Row 1: Template DNA = TTACG

Complementary DNA:
T → A
T → A
A → T
C → G
G → C
→ AATGC ✔ (already filled)

mRNA:
T → A
T → A
A → U
C → G
G → C
→ AAUGC ✔ (already filled)

Row 2: Template DNA = ? (blank)
Complementary DNA = GCCGG
mRNA = ACUGACC ← wait, that’s 7 letters? Probably typo. Looking back: mRNA says “ACUGACC” — but complementary DNA is “GCCGG” (5 bases). That doesn’t match.

Wait — looking at the image again:

In the table:

Second row:
Template DNA: blank
Complementary DNA: GCCGG
Messenger RNA: ACUGACC ← that’s 7 characters? Must be a mistake.

Actually, looking closely — probably it’s “ACUGG” or something. Wait, no — in the user’s image, it says:

“ACUGACC” — but that’s likely a formatting error. Let me count:

In the original problem, second row mRNA is written as “ACUGACC” — but complementary DNA is “GCCGG” (5 bases). That can’t be.

Perhaps it’s “ACUGG”? Or maybe “ACU GC” — no.

Wait — looking at the third row: Template DNA = AGACTC (6 bases), so others should match.

Probably a typo in the worksheet. But let’s assume the mRNA is meant to be 5 bases to match GCCGG.

If Complementary DNA is GCCGG, then Template DNA must be the complement of that.

Complementary DNA: G C C G G
So Template DNA: C G G C C (because G↔C, C↔G)

Then mRNA from Template DNA CGGCC:

C → G
G → C
G → C
C → G
C → G
→ GCCGG? No — wait:

Template DNA: C G G C C
mRNA: G C C G G

But the worksheet says mRNA is “ACUGACC” — which doesn’t fit.

Alternatively, perhaps the mRNA is for a different template.

Wait — let’s read the table again.

It says:

Template DNA | Complementary DNA | Messenger RNA (mRNA)

Row 1: TTACG | AATGC | AAUGC

Row 2: [blank] | GCCGG | ACUGACC ← this must be wrong. Probably it’s “ACUGG” or “GCCGG” for mRNA? But it says ACUGACC.

Another possibility: maybe “ACUGACC” is a mistake and it’s supposed to be for the next row.

Look at row 3: Template DNA = AGACTC (6 bases)

Complementary DNA: should be TCTGAG (since A→T, G→C, A→T, C→G, T→A, C→G → T C T G A G)

mRNA: from AGACTC → U C U G A G? But worksheet says nothing yet.

And row 4: Template DNA = AGACTC — same as row 3? Probably not.

Wait — in the user’s image, row 3 Template DNA is blank, Complementary DNA is blank, mRNA is ACUGACC

Row 4: Template DNA = AGACTC, others blank.

This is messy. Let me re-express based on standard logic.

Assume each row is independent.

For row 2: Given Complementary DNA = GCCGG

That means the original Template DNA must be the complement: so for each base in Comp DNA, flip it:

G → C
C → G
C → G
G → C
G → C
So Template DNA = CGGCC

Then mRNA from Template DNA CGGCC:

C → G
G → C
G → C
C → G
C → G
So mRNA = GCCGG

But the worksheet says mRNA = ACUGACC — which is 7 bases. Likely a typo. Perhaps it’s “GCCGG” or “ACUGG”.

Maybe “ACUGACC” is for row 3.

Let’s skip and do row 4 first.

Row 4: Template DNA = AGACTC

Complementary DNA:
A → T
G → C
A → T
C → G
T → A
C → G
→ TCTGAG

mRNA:
A → U
G → C
A → U
C → G
T → A
C → G
→ UCUGAG

Now row 3: mRNA = ACUGACC — 7 bases? That seems off. Probably it’s “ACUGG” or “ACU GC” — but let’s assume it’s 5 bases: perhaps “ACUGG”

If mRNA = ACUGG, then Template DNA would be:

mRNA A → DNA T
C → G
U → A
G → C
G → C
So Template DNA = TGACC

Then Complementary DNA = ACTGG (complement of TGACC: T→A, G→C, A→T, C→G, C→G → A C T G G)

But the worksheet has Complementary DNA blank for row 3.

Given the confusion, I’ll proceed with correct base pairing for the given templates.

Back to row 2: If Complementary DNA is GCCGG, then Template DNA is CGGCC, and mRNA is GCCGG.

But since the worksheet lists mRNA as ACUGACC for that row, which doesn't match, I suspect a printing error. For educational purpose, I'll use correct pairing.

Similarly, for row 3: if mRNA is given as ACUGACC, but that's 7 bases, while others are 5 or 6, it's inconsistent.

Looking back at the user's image description: in row 2, mRNA is "ACUGACC" — but in context, perhaps it's "ACUGG" or it's for a different template.

To resolve, let's assume that for row 2, the mRNA is meant to be derived from the template, and "ACUGACC" is a mistake. Since Complementary DNA is GCCGG, Template DNA is CGGCC, mRNA is GCCGG.

But let's check the first row: Template TTACG, Comp DNA AATGC, mRNA AAUGC — correct.

For consistency, I'll fill based on given data.

Perhaps in row 2, the mRNA "ACUGACC" is incorrect, and we should calculate from Template DNA once we find it.

Since Complementary DNA is given as GCCGG, Template DNA must be CGGCC.

Then mRNA from CGGCC is GCCGG.

So I'll put that.

For row 3: mRNA is given as ACUGACC — but let's count the letters: A-C-U-G-A-C-C — 7 bases. Template DNA should be 7 bases.

If mRNA = ACUGACC, then Template DNA = TGACTGG (because A→T, C→G, U→A, G→C, A→T, C→G, C→G → T G A C T G G)

Then Complementary DNA = ACTGACC (complement of TGACTGG: T→A, G→C, A→T, C→G, T→A, G→C, G→C → A C T G A C C)

But this is getting complicated, and likely not intended.

Another idea: perhaps "ACUGACC" is a typo and it's "ACUGG" for 5 bases.

I think for school level, we should use standard 5-base examples.

Let me propose corrected version based on common practice.

Assume row 2: Complementary DNA = GCCGG → Template DNA = CGGCC → mRNA = GCCGG

Row 3: Suppose mRNA = ACUGG (assuming typo) → Template DNA = TGACC → Complementary DNA = ACTGG

But the worksheet has for row 3: Template DNA blank, Comp DNA blank, mRNA = ACUGACC — which might be "ACUGG" missing a letter.

To move forward, I'll use the following for accuracy:

For row 2:
- Template DNA: CGGCC (since Comp DNA is GCCGG)
- mRNA: GCCGG (from Template DNA CGGCC)

For row 3: If mRNA is ACUGACC, but that's 7 bases, and row 4 is AGACTC (6 bases), perhaps it's a different length. Maybe it's "ACUGG" and "ACC" is separate.

I think there's a formatting issue. In many worksheets, they use short sequences.

Let's look at row 4: Template DNA = AGACTC (6 bases)

Complementary DNA: TCTGAG

mRNA: UCUGAG

For row 3, if mRNA is given as "ACUGACC", perhaps it's "ACU" and "GACC" but that doesn't help.

Another possibility: "ACUGACC" might be for the mRNA, and we need to find Template DNA.

So for mRNA = ACUGACC (7 bases), Template DNA = TGACTGG

Complementary DNA = ACTGACC

But then row 4 is 6 bases, so inconsistency.

Perhaps the "ACUGACC" is a mistake, and it's supposed to be for a 5-base sequence.

I recall that in some versions of this worksheet, row 2 mRNA is "GCCGG" or similar.

To provide a correct answer, I'll assume that for row 2, with Comp DNA GCCGG, Template DNA is CGGCC, mRNA is GCCGG.

For row 3, since mRNA is listed as "ACUGACC", but to make it work, let's say it's "ACUGG" (5 bases), so Template DNA = TGACC, Comp DNA = ACTGG.

But the worksheet has "ACUGACC" written, so perhaps it's 7 bases, and we should use that.

Let's do it properly.

Define:

For any given strand, apply base pairing.

Row 2: Given Complementary DNA = GCCGG

This is the DNA strand complementary to the template, so Template DNA = complement of GCCGG = CGGCC

Then mRNA = transcribed from Template DNA CGGCC = GCCGG (since C->G, G->C, G->C, C->G, C->G)

So mRNA = GCCGG

But the worksheet says "ACUGACC" for mRNA in row 2 — which is likely a error. Perhaps it's for row 3.

In the user's message, it's written as:

"GCCGG" under Complementary DNA for row 2, and "ACUGACC" under mRNA for row 2.

But "ACUGACC" has 7 characters, while "GCCGG" has 5. So probably, "ACUGACC" is meant for row 3.

Let me swap mentally.

Assume that for row 2: Complementary DNA = GCCGG, so Template DNA = CGGCC, mRNA = GCCGG

For row 3: mRNA = ACUGACC (7 bases), so Template DNA = TGACTGG (because A->T, C->G, U->A, G->C, A->T, C->G, C->G -> T G A C T G G)

Then Complementary DNA = ACTGACC (complement of TGACTGG: T->A, G->C, A->T, C->G, T->A, G->C, G->C -> A C T G A C C)

For row 4: Template DNA = AGACTC (6 bases)

Complementary DNA = TCTGAG

mRNA = UCUGAG

This works, though lengths vary.

For school level, they might expect consistent lengths, but we'll go with correct pairing.

So to summarize the table:

Row 1: already done

Row 2:
- Template DNA: CGGCC
- Complementary DNA: GCCGG (given)
- mRNA: GCCGG

Row 3:
- Template DNA: TGACTGG
- Complementary DNA: ACTGACC
- mRNA: ACUGACC (given)

Row 4:
- Template DNA: AGACTC (given)
- Complementary DNA: TCTGAG
- mRNA: UCUGAG

Now, for the diagram labeling:

- The strand with U's is RNA → color red
- The two strands in the double helix are DNA → color blue
- Label the RNA strand as "RNA"
- Label the DNA strands as "DNA"

Specifically, the strand being synthesized (with U) is RNA.

The template strand is the DNA strand that is being read by RNA polymerase.

The other DNA strand is the coding strand.

But for labeling, just identify which is DNA and which is RNA.

So in the diagram, the curved strand with bases including U is RNA.

The straighter strands forming the helix are DNA.

Now, to write the final answers.

First, for the diagram:

- Color the RNA backbone red (the strand with U's)
- Color the DNA backbones blue (the two strands in the double helix)
- Label the RNA strand as "RNA"
- Label the DNA strands as "DNA" (you can specify "template DNA" for the one being copied, but the worksheet says "label the DNA and RNA", so probably just "DNA" and "RNA")

Question 1: In RNA, which molecule is always paired with uracil?

Answer: Adenine (A)

Question 2: Three differences between RNA and DNA:

1. RNA contains uracil (U) instead of thymine (T).
2. RNA has ribose sugar, while DNA has deoxyribose sugar.
3. RNA is typically single-stranded, while DNA is double-stranded.

Table:

Row 2:
- Template DNA: CGGCC
- Complementary DNA: GCCGG (given)
- mRNA: GCCGG

But the worksheet has mRNA as "ACUGACC" for row 2, which is likely a mistake. Based on correct pairing, it should be GCCGG.

To match the worksheet's given mRNA for row 2 as "ACUGACC", we would have to adjust, but that would be incorrect biologically.

I think for accuracy, I'll use correct base pairing.

Perhaps "ACUGACC" is for row 3, and row 2 mRNA is blank or something.

In the user's initial description, for row 2, mRNA is listed as "ACUGACC", but in standard worksheets, it's often consistent.

Upon second thought, let's calculate what Template DNA would give mRNA = ACUGACC.

mRNA: A C U G A C C

Template DNA: T G A C T G G (because A->T, C->G, U->A, G->C, A->T, C->G, C->G)

Then Complementary DNA: A C T G A C C (complement of TGACTGG)

So for row 2, if mRNA is ACUGACC, then Template DNA is TGACTGG, Complementary DNA is ACTGACC

But the worksheet has Complementary DNA as GCCGG for row 2, which conflicts.

This suggests that "GCCGG" and "ACUGACC" are for different rows.

In the table structure, row 2 has Complementary DNA = GCCGG, and mRNA = ACUGACC — which is impossible for the same template.

Therefore, I conclude there is a typo in the worksheet. For educational purposes, I will provide the correct biological answers based on standard rules.

So for row 2: Given Complementary DNA = GCCGG, so Template DNA = CGGCC, mRNA = GCCGG

For row 3: Given mRNA = ACUGACC, so Template DNA = TGACTGG, Complementary DNA = ACTGACC

For row 4: Given Template DNA = AGACTC, so Complementary DNA = TCTGAG, mRNA = UCUGAG

Now, to box the final answers.

Also, for the diagram, since I can't color, I'll describe.

But the user needs to fill in the worksheet.

So for the response, I'll provide the answers as text.

Final Answer compilation:

Diagram:
- The strand with uracil (U) bases is RNA → label it "RNA" and color its backbone red.
- The two strands forming the double helix are DNA → label them "DNA" and color their backbones blue.

Question 1: Adenine (A)

Question 2:
1. RNA has uracil instead of thymine.
2. RNA has ribose sugar; DNA has deoxyribose sugar.
3. RNA is usually single-stranded; DNA is double-stranded.

Table:
Row 2:
- Template DNA: CGGCC
- Complementary DNA: GCCGG (given)
- mRNA: GCCGG

Row 3:
- Template DNA: TGACTGG
- Complementary DNA: ACTGACC
- mRNA: ACUGACC (given)

Row 4:
- Template DNA: AGACTC (given)
- Complementary DNA: TCTGAG
- mRNA: UCUGAG

Note: There might be a typo in the worksheet for row 2 mRNA, but based on correct pairing, this is accurate.

For the student, I'll present it clearly.