Venn diagram illustrating differences and similarities between DNA and RNA using provided terms.

- In RNA, the bases are Adenine (A), Uracil (U), Cytosine (C) and Guanine (G). These bases are called complimentary bases as Adenine bonds only with Uracil (U) and Guanine bonds only with Cytosine (C).
- The three types of RNA and their functions:
- mRNA (messenger RNA): Carries genetic information from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm for protein synthesis.
- tRNA (transfer RNA): Brings specific amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis, matching them to the codons on the mRNA.
- rRNA (ribosomal RNA): A major component of ribosomes, where it catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids.
- Places in the cell where you would find RNA (and what types are where):
- Nucleus: Primarily pre-mRNA (transcribed from DNA) and some snRNAs involved in splicing.
- Cytoplasm: Mature mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA. Ribosomes (composed of rRNA and proteins) are located here for translation.
- Mitochondria and Chloroplasts (in plant cells): Contain their own small genomes and produce mitochondrial/chloroplast-specific RNA for local protein synthesis.

DNA vs RNA:
- DNA and RNA are both this type of macromolecule: Nucleic Acid
- The single stranded nucleic acid is: RNA
- The double stranded nucleic acid is: DNA
- Two differences that can be found in a DNA and RNA nucleotide:
1. Sugar: DNA contains deoxyribose sugar; RNA contains ribose sugar.
2. Nitrogenous Base: DNA uses thymine (T); RNA uses uracil (U) instead.
- Only RNA can be found outside of the nucleus. Why do you think that is?
- Because RNA's primary function is to carry out protein synthesis, which occurs in the cytoplasm at ribosomes. mRNA must leave the nucleus to deliver instructions to the ribosomes, and tRNA and rRNA function entirely in the cytoplasm.

Fill in the below Venn Diagram to compare DNA & RNA using ALL of the words below:

DNA Only:
- Deoxyribonucleic Acid
- Double Helix
- Thymine
- Located in Nucleus of Eukaryotes
- Deoxyribose Sugar

RNA Only:
- Single Strand
- Uracil
- Ribose Sugar
- Copy the Instructions and Make Proteins
- Cytoplasm
- Ribosomes
- 3 Types

Both (Intersection):
- Nucleic Acid
- Nucleotide is the monomer
- 5-Carbon Sugar
- Phosphate Group
- Pyrimidines
- Purines (Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine)
- Genetic Information
- Instructions for making proteins
- Ribonucleic Acid