1. Shield volcano, Composite volcano (or Stratovolcano)
2. a) at the edges of tectonic plates
3. A volcano is a rupture in the crust of the Earth that allows hot lava, volcanic ash, and gases to escape from a magma chamber below the surface.
4. An earthquake occurring under the ocean can sometimes cause these large waves of water: Tsunami
5. The difference between a composite volcano and a shield volcano is that a composite volcano has steep sides and is built up by alternating layers of lava and ash, while a shield volcano has gentle slopes and is formed by fluid lava flows.
6. The place where an earthquake starts underground is called the focus (or hypocenter). The point on the Earth’s surface directly above the focus is called the epicentre.
7. Earthquakes are caused by the sudden release of energy in the Earth’s crust, which creates seismic waves. This usually happens when tectonic plates move and grind against each other, building up stress until they slip.
8.
- epicentre → the location directly above the earthquake origin
- seismometer → measures the vibrations of the earth during an earthquake
- tsunami → large waves of water caused by underwater earthquakes
- tectonic plates → giant slabs of rock that make up the Earth’s crust
9. True
10. False (Earthquakes occur at plate boundaries, not only where small plates exist.)
Parent Tip: Review the logic above to help your child master the concept of earthquakes and volcanoes worksheet.
