Revision Materials - Free Printable

Let's go through each example and determine how energy is being transferred. We'll use the given words: kinetic, thermal, gravitational potential, sound, electric, nuclear, elastic, chemical, light.

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Example: Turning on the kettle

- Electrical → Thermal
- Explanation: Electrical energy from the power supply is converted into thermal (heat) energy to boil the water.

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1. Dropping a ball

- Gravitational potential → Kinetic
- Explanation: When the ball is held above the ground, it has gravitational potential energy. As it falls, this energy is converted into kinetic energy (energy of motion).
- *(Note: Some energy may also become thermal or sound when it hits the ground, but the main transfer during the fall is gravitational potential to kinetic.)*

✔ Answer:
Gravitational potential → Kinetic

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2. Connecting a battery to a circuit

- Chemical → Electric
- Explanation: A battery stores energy in chemical form. When connected to a circuit, the chemical reactions inside the battery produce electric energy, which can then be used to power devices.

✔ Answer:
Chemical → Electric

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3. Switching on a light bulb

- Electric → Light + Thermal
- Explanation: When electricity flows through the filament (in an incandescent bulb), it produces light energy and also generates heat (thermal energy) as a byproduct. In LED bulbs, more energy goes to light and less to heat, but still some thermal energy is produced.

✔ Answer:
Electric → Light + Thermal

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Extension Challenge: Create your own example

Here’s one:

Example: Riding a bicycle uphill

- Chemical → Kinetic + Gravitational potential
- Explanation: Your body uses chemical energy (from food) to pedal the bike. This creates kinetic energy (motion) and increases gravitational potential energy as you gain height.

Alternatively:
Example: Playing a guitar
- Elastic → Sound + Kinetic
- Explanation: The strings are stretched (storing elastic potential energy), and when plucked, they vibrate (kinetic energy), producing sound energy.

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✔ Final Answers:

1. Gravitational potential → Kinetic
2. Chemical → Electric
3. Electric → Light + Thermal

And for the extension:
👉 *Example: Charging a phone*
→ Chemical (battery) ← Electric (charger)
*(Energy is stored as chemical in the battery from electrical input)*

Let me know if you'd like a diagram version!