Protein Synthesis Worksheet: Fill in DNA, mRNA, Codons & Amino ... - Free Printable

Problem Analysis:

The worksheet focuses on the process of protein synthesis, which involves several key steps: transcription and translation. The tasks require filling in complementary DNA strands, transcribing DNA to mRNA, translating mRNA codons into amino acids, identifying tRNA anti-codons, and answering questions about protein synthesis.

Step-by-Step Solution:

#### 1. Fill in the complementary DNA strand using DNA base pairing rules.

DNA (Top strand):
A T G G T A G C T A A C C T T

Complementary DNA (Bottom strand):
T A C C A T C G A T T G G A A

- Base pairing rules:
- A pairs with T
- T pairs with A
- G pairs with C
- C pairs with G

#### 2. Fill in the correct mRNA bases by transcribing the bottom DNA code.

DNA (Bottom strand):
T A C C A T C G A T T G G A A

mRNA:
A U G G U A G C U A A C C U U

- Transcription rules:
- DNA's T is replaced with RNA's U.
- Other bases (A, G, C) remain the same.

#### 3. Translate the mRNA codons and find the correct amino acid using the Codon Table.

mRNA:
AUG GUA GCU AAU ACC CUU

- Codon Table Translation:
- AUG → Methionine
- GUA → Valine
- GCU → Alanine
- AAU → Asparagine
- ACC → Threonine
- CUU → Leucine

Amino Acids:
Methionine, Valine, Alanine, Asparagine, Threonine, Leucine

#### 4. Write in the amino acid and the correct anti-codon for the tRNA molecule.

tRNA Anti-codons:
UAC CUA CGA UUU UGG AGA

- Anti-codon rules:
- Anti-codons are complementary to the mRNA codons.
- Base pairing: A-U, U-A, G-C, C-G

Amino Acids (from step 3):
Methionine, Valine, Alanine, Asparagine, Threonine, Leucine

#### 5. The answer to the questions about protein synthesis below the amino acids.

Question 5:
"mRNA is synthesized in translation or transcription?"

- Answer: Transcription

Explanation:
- Transcription is the process where mRNA is synthesized from a DNA template.
- Translation is the process where the mRNA is used to synthesize proteins (amino acid chains).

Question 6:
"mRNA has codons or anti-codons?"

- Answer: Codons

Explanation:
- Codons are sequences of three nucleotides in mRNA that specify a particular amino acid.
- Anti-codons are found on tRNA molecules, not mRNA. They are complementary to the mRNA codons.

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Final Answers:

1. Complementary DNA strand:
T A C C A T C G A T T G G A A

2. mRNA:
A U G G U A G C U A A C C U U

3. Amino Acids:
Methionine, Valine, Alanine, Asparagine, Threonine, Leucine

4. tRNA Anti-codons:
UAC CUA CGA UUU UGG AGA

5. Answers to questions:
- mRNA is synthesized in transcription.
- mRNA has codons.

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Final Boxed Answers:

\[
\boxed{
\text{1. T A C C A T C G A T T G G A A} \\
\text{2. A U G G U A G C U A A C C U U} \\
\text{3. Methionine, Valine, Alanine, Asparagine, Threonine, Leucine} \\
\text{4. UAC CUA CGA UUU UGG AGA} \\
\text{5. Transcription, Codons}
}
\]