Educational worksheet for students to learn and match cell organelles with their functions in plant and animal cells.
A worksheet titled "Cell Organelles and Their Functions" with a diagram of a cell and a list of organelles to match with their functions.
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Step-by-step solution for: Cell Organelles and Their Functions Worksheets
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Show Answer Key & Explanations
Step-by-step solution for: Cell Organelles and Their Functions Worksheets
Let’s go step by step to match each organelle with its correct function. We’ll use the list of 21 organelles and read each description carefully.
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1. This is the control center of the cell.
→ That’s the Nucleus (number 17). It controls everything the cell does.
2. This is made of DNA and is the storage area for all genetic information.
→ Also the Nucleus (17) — it holds DNA, which has all the instructions.
Wait — actually, “made of DNA” might refer to Chromosomes (7), since chromosomes are made of DNA and carry genes. But the nucleus *contains* the chromosomes. Let’s check:
The question says “this is made of DNA” → that’s Chromosomes (7).
But then #11 says “where chromosomes would be found” → that’s the nucleus. So let’s assign:
- #2 = Chromosomes (7)
- #11 = Nucleus (17)
Actually, re-reading:
#2: “This is made of DNA and is the storage area for all genetic information.”
→ Chromosomes are made of DNA and store genetic info. Yes → 7
#11: “The part of the cell where chromosomes would be found.” → That’s the Nucleus → 17
Okay, good.
3. This is the site of protein synthesis in a cell.
→ Ribosomes make proteins → 18
4. This porous structure surrounds the nucleus, keeping it intact.
→ Nuclear membrane → 14
5. This internal membrane system is so extensive that it accounts for more than half the total membrane in a cell.
→ Endoplasmic reticulum — specifically, rough ER is very extensive. But both rough and smooth are parts of ER. The description fits Rough endoplasmic reticulum (19) or maybe just ER in general? But looking at options, 19 is Rough ER, 20 is Smooth ER. Since it says “internal membrane system” and “more than half”, it’s likely referring to the entire ER network — but we have to pick from the list. Actually, many sources say the ER (especially rough) makes up most of the membrane. Let’s go with 19 Rough endoplasmic reticulum — but wait, sometimes it's considered together. However, since 19 and 20 are separate, and the description doesn’t specify ribosomes, maybe it’s not specific. Hmm.
Actually, let’s look ahead — #6 talks about proteins leaving rough ER → so #5 might be referring to the whole ER system. But since we don’t have “ER” as one item, and 19 is Rough ER, which is the main protein-making part, and it’s very extensive — I think 19 is acceptable. But let me double-check standard biology: The endoplasmic reticulum (both rough and smooth) together account for over half the membrane. But since the question forces us to choose from the list, and 19 is listed, perhaps they mean Rough ER. Alternatively, maybe it’s Cytoplasm? No, cytoplasm isn’t a membrane system.
Wait — another thought: The Endoplasmic Reticulum as a whole is often described this way. But since 19 and 20 are split, and the description doesn’t mention lipids or detox (which is smooth ER), it’s probably 19 Rough endoplasmic reticulum. I’ll go with 19 for now.
Actually, let’s skip and come back if needed.
6. When newly formed proteins leave the rough endoplasmic reticulum, they are transported to this organelle, where the proteins are sorted and packaged.
→ Golgi apparatus → 10
7. This part of the cell manufactures the ribosomal subunits.
→ Nucleolus → 15
8. This part of the cell is surrounded by a very thick outer membrane to protect the rest of the cell from its strong enzymes.
→ Lysosome — it has digestive enzymes and is protected by a membrane → 12
9. The portion of the cell that exists outside of the nucleus.
→ Cytoplasm → 8
10. The part of the cell that controls what enters and leaves the cell.
→ Cell Membrane → 1
11. The part of the cell where chromosomes would be found.
→ Nucleus → 17
12. This membrane connects the nuclear membrane to the cell membrane.
→ Endoplasmic reticulum — specifically, the ER is continuous with the nuclear envelope. So either 19 or 20. Since it doesn’t specify, but typically it’s the rough ER that’s connected. But actually, both are connected. Looking at the list, perhaps they expect 19 Rough endoplasmic reticulum, but let’s see — some sources say the ER network connects them. I think 19 is fine, but wait — option 20 is Smooth ER. Actually, the connection is via the ER membrane in general. Since 19 is listed first, and it’s more associated with protein transport, I’ll go with 19. But let me confirm: In many textbooks, the ER (rough) is shown connecting to the nuclear membrane. So 19.
Alternatively, is there a better fit? Cytoplasm? No. Cytoskeleton? No. I think 19 is correct.
13. This part of the cell contains strong digestive enzymes to break down proteins, carbohydrates and lipids into small molecules that can be used by the rest of the cell.
→ Lysosome again → 12
14. These are the most numerous of the cell’s organelles.
→ Ribosomes — there are thousands in a cell → 18
15. This serves as the “powerhouse” of the cell.
→ Mitochondria → 13
16. The place where lipids are manufactured.
→ Smooth endoplasmic reticulum → 20
17. This part contains the instructions for making proteins and other important molecules.
→ DNA is in chromosomes, but the instructions are stored in DNA, which is in chromosomes. Or nucleus? But #2 was chromosomes. Let’s see: “contains the instructions” — that’s DNA, so Chromosomes (7). But wait, #2 was also about DNA storage. Perhaps #17 is referring to the nucleus? No, because #2 said “made of DNA”, while #17 says “contains the instructions”. Actually, chromosomes contain the DNA which has the instructions. So 7 again? But we can reuse organelles.
Looking back: #2: “made of DNA and storage area” → chromosomes (7)
#17: “contains the instructions” — still chromosomes, since DNA is on chromosomes. So 7
But let’s check: Is there another option? Nucleus contains chromosomes, but the instructions are in the DNA on chromosomes. So yes, 7
18. This organelle consists of two types of fibers called microfilaments and microtubules.
→ Cytoskeleton → 9
19. Choose 2 of the organelles from the list above that would never be found in a plant cell.
→ Plant cells do NOT have centrioles or lysosomes? Wait, actually, plant cells do have lysosome-like structures, but traditionally, centrioles are absent in higher plants. Also, chloroplasts are only in plants, but the question is “never found in a plant cell” — so animal-only organelles.
From the list:
Centriole (4) — not in plant cells
Lysosome (12) — debatable, but often taught as animal-only
Leukoplast (11) — that’s in plants! Leukoplasts are colorless plastids in plants.
Chromoplast (6) — also in plants.
So definitely Centriole (4) is not in plants.
What else? Maybe Lysosome (12) — though some plants have similar, but in basic bio, it’s considered animal.
Also, Centrosome isn’t listed, but centriole is.
Another one: Leukoplast is plant, so not that.
Actually, standard answer: Centrioles and lysosomes are typically not in plant cells. But let’s see the list:
Options include: 4 Centriole, 12 Lysosome.
Also, 11 Leukoplast — that’s plant, so not that.
So 4 and 12
But wait, some sources say plant cells have vacuoles that act like lysosomes, so lysosomes aren't strictly absent. But in many curricula, lysosomes are listed as animal-only. Similarly, centrioles are definitely not in higher plants.
Another candidate: Chromoplast is plant, so no.
Perhaps Centriole (4) and... is there another? What about Leukoplast? No, that's plant.
Actually, looking at the list, Centriole (4) is one. For the second, perhaps Lysosome (12) is accepted.
But let me think: Animal cells have centrioles, plant cells usually don't. Animal cells have lysosomes, plant cells have vacuoles that perform similar functions, so lysosomes are not typically listed in plant cells. So 4 and 12
But the question says "choose 2", and we need to write the numbers. So 4, 12
20. These three organelles all are surrounded by a double membrane.
→ Which organelles have double membranes?
Nucleus (nuclear envelope is double), Mitochondria, Chloroplast.
Also, maybe others? But from the list:
Nucleus (17), Mitochondria (13), Chloroplast (5)
Yes, those three.
So 5, 13, 17
Now, let’s go back to #5: “This internal membrane system is so extensive...” — I think I made a mistake. Actually, the endoplasmic reticulum (as a whole) is described that way, but since 19 and 20 are separate, and the description doesn’t specify, perhaps it’s not accurate to pick only rough. But in many contexts, the rough ER is emphasized for its extent. However, let’s check online or recall: The ER membrane constitutes more than half the total membrane in eukaryotic cells. And since rough ER is part of it, but the question might expect "endoplasmic reticulum" but it's split. Perhaps they mean the rough ER because it's involved in protein synthesis which is mentioned later. I'll stick with 19 for #5.
But let’s verify with #12: “This membrane connects the nuclear membrane to the cell membrane.” — that’s definitely the ER, and again, rough ER is commonly depicted doing that. So 19 for both #5 and #12? But we can reuse organelles, as per instructions: “Many of the cell organelles will be used more than once.”
So yes, possible.
Now, let’s compile all answers:
1. Control center → Nucleus → 17
2. Made of DNA, storage of genetic info → Chromosomes → 7
3. Site of protein synthesis → Ribosomes → 18
4. Porous structure around nucleus → Nuclear membrane → 14
5. Extensive internal membrane system → Rough endoplasmic reticulum → 19
6. Proteins sorted and packaged → Golgi apparatus → 10
7. Manufactures ribosomal subunits → Nucleolus → 15
8. Surrounded by thick membrane to protect from enzymes → Lysosome → 12
9. Outside nucleus → Cytoplasm → 8
10. Controls what enters/leaves → Cell Membrane → 1
11. Where chromosomes are found → Nucleus → 17
12. Connects nuclear membrane to cell membrane → Rough endoplasmic reticulum → 19
13. Digestive enzymes → Lysosome → 12
14. Most numerous organelles → Ribosomes → 18
15. Powerhouse → Mitochondria → 13
16. Lipids manufactured → Smooth endoplasmic reticulum → 20
17. Contains instructions for proteins → Chromosomes → 7
18. Microfilaments and microtubules → Cytoskeleton → 9
19. Never in plant cell → Centriole and Lysosome → 4, 12
20. Double membrane → Chloroplast, Mitochondria, Nucleus → 5, 13, 17
For #19, we need to write two numbers. The question says “choose 2”, so we list them. Probably as “4 and 12” or just the numbers. In the blank, likely write the numbers separated by comma or something. But since it’s a fill-in, perhaps “4, 12”
Similarly, #20: “these three organelles” → so list three numbers: 5, 13, 17
Now, let’s write the final answers in order.
Final Answer:
1. 17
2. 7
3. 18
4. 14
5. 19
6. 10
7. 15
8. 12
9. 8
10. 1
11. 17
12. 19
13. 12
14. 18
15. 13
16. 20
17. 7
18. 9
19. 4, 12
20. 5, 13, 17
I think that’s correct. Let me double-check a few:
- #5: Is rough ER really accounting for more than half? Upon second thought, the entire ER (rough + smooth) does, but since the question lists them separately, and rough ER is larger in many cells, it might be acceptable. Some sources specify rough ER for this. I think it's okay.
- #12: ER connects nuclear envelope to plasma membrane — yes, and rough ER is part of that network.
- #19: Centrioles are absent in higher plants, lysosomes are typically not present (vacuoles take over), so 4 and 12 are standard answers.
- #20: Double membrane: nucleus (double membrane envelope), mitochondria (double membrane), chloroplast (double membrane) — yes, 5,13,17.
All set.
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1. This is the control center of the cell.
→ That’s the Nucleus (number 17). It controls everything the cell does.
2. This is made of DNA and is the storage area for all genetic information.
→ Also the Nucleus (17) — it holds DNA, which has all the instructions.
Wait — actually, “made of DNA” might refer to Chromosomes (7), since chromosomes are made of DNA and carry genes. But the nucleus *contains* the chromosomes. Let’s check:
The question says “this is made of DNA” → that’s Chromosomes (7).
But then #11 says “where chromosomes would be found” → that’s the nucleus. So let’s assign:
- #2 = Chromosomes (7)
- #11 = Nucleus (17)
Actually, re-reading:
#2: “This is made of DNA and is the storage area for all genetic information.”
→ Chromosomes are made of DNA and store genetic info. Yes → 7
#11: “The part of the cell where chromosomes would be found.” → That’s the Nucleus → 17
Okay, good.
3. This is the site of protein synthesis in a cell.
→ Ribosomes make proteins → 18
4. This porous structure surrounds the nucleus, keeping it intact.
→ Nuclear membrane → 14
5. This internal membrane system is so extensive that it accounts for more than half the total membrane in a cell.
→ Endoplasmic reticulum — specifically, rough ER is very extensive. But both rough and smooth are parts of ER. The description fits Rough endoplasmic reticulum (19) or maybe just ER in general? But looking at options, 19 is Rough ER, 20 is Smooth ER. Since it says “internal membrane system” and “more than half”, it’s likely referring to the entire ER network — but we have to pick from the list. Actually, many sources say the ER (especially rough) makes up most of the membrane. Let’s go with 19 Rough endoplasmic reticulum — but wait, sometimes it's considered together. However, since 19 and 20 are separate, and the description doesn’t specify ribosomes, maybe it’s not specific. Hmm.
Actually, let’s look ahead — #6 talks about proteins leaving rough ER → so #5 might be referring to the whole ER system. But since we don’t have “ER” as one item, and 19 is Rough ER, which is the main protein-making part, and it’s very extensive — I think 19 is acceptable. But let me double-check standard biology: The endoplasmic reticulum (both rough and smooth) together account for over half the membrane. But since the question forces us to choose from the list, and 19 is listed, perhaps they mean Rough ER. Alternatively, maybe it’s Cytoplasm? No, cytoplasm isn’t a membrane system.
Wait — another thought: The Endoplasmic Reticulum as a whole is often described this way. But since 19 and 20 are split, and the description doesn’t mention lipids or detox (which is smooth ER), it’s probably 19 Rough endoplasmic reticulum. I’ll go with 19 for now.
Actually, let’s skip and come back if needed.
6. When newly formed proteins leave the rough endoplasmic reticulum, they are transported to this organelle, where the proteins are sorted and packaged.
→ Golgi apparatus → 10
7. This part of the cell manufactures the ribosomal subunits.
→ Nucleolus → 15
8. This part of the cell is surrounded by a very thick outer membrane to protect the rest of the cell from its strong enzymes.
→ Lysosome — it has digestive enzymes and is protected by a membrane → 12
9. The portion of the cell that exists outside of the nucleus.
→ Cytoplasm → 8
10. The part of the cell that controls what enters and leaves the cell.
→ Cell Membrane → 1
11. The part of the cell where chromosomes would be found.
→ Nucleus → 17
12. This membrane connects the nuclear membrane to the cell membrane.
→ Endoplasmic reticulum — specifically, the ER is continuous with the nuclear envelope. So either 19 or 20. Since it doesn’t specify, but typically it’s the rough ER that’s connected. But actually, both are connected. Looking at the list, perhaps they expect 19 Rough endoplasmic reticulum, but let’s see — some sources say the ER network connects them. I think 19 is fine, but wait — option 20 is Smooth ER. Actually, the connection is via the ER membrane in general. Since 19 is listed first, and it’s more associated with protein transport, I’ll go with 19. But let me confirm: In many textbooks, the ER (rough) is shown connecting to the nuclear membrane. So 19.
Alternatively, is there a better fit? Cytoplasm? No. Cytoskeleton? No. I think 19 is correct.
13. This part of the cell contains strong digestive enzymes to break down proteins, carbohydrates and lipids into small molecules that can be used by the rest of the cell.
→ Lysosome again → 12
14. These are the most numerous of the cell’s organelles.
→ Ribosomes — there are thousands in a cell → 18
15. This serves as the “powerhouse” of the cell.
→ Mitochondria → 13
16. The place where lipids are manufactured.
→ Smooth endoplasmic reticulum → 20
17. This part contains the instructions for making proteins and other important molecules.
→ DNA is in chromosomes, but the instructions are stored in DNA, which is in chromosomes. Or nucleus? But #2 was chromosomes. Let’s see: “contains the instructions” — that’s DNA, so Chromosomes (7). But wait, #2 was also about DNA storage. Perhaps #17 is referring to the nucleus? No, because #2 said “made of DNA”, while #17 says “contains the instructions”. Actually, chromosomes contain the DNA which has the instructions. So 7 again? But we can reuse organelles.
Looking back: #2: “made of DNA and storage area” → chromosomes (7)
#17: “contains the instructions” — still chromosomes, since DNA is on chromosomes. So 7
But let’s check: Is there another option? Nucleus contains chromosomes, but the instructions are in the DNA on chromosomes. So yes, 7
18. This organelle consists of two types of fibers called microfilaments and microtubules.
→ Cytoskeleton → 9
19. Choose 2 of the organelles from the list above that would never be found in a plant cell.
→ Plant cells do NOT have centrioles or lysosomes? Wait, actually, plant cells do have lysosome-like structures, but traditionally, centrioles are absent in higher plants. Also, chloroplasts are only in plants, but the question is “never found in a plant cell” — so animal-only organelles.
From the list:
Centriole (4) — not in plant cells
Lysosome (12) — debatable, but often taught as animal-only
Leukoplast (11) — that’s in plants! Leukoplasts are colorless plastids in plants.
Chromoplast (6) — also in plants.
So definitely Centriole (4) is not in plants.
What else? Maybe Lysosome (12) — though some plants have similar, but in basic bio, it’s considered animal.
Also, Centrosome isn’t listed, but centriole is.
Another one: Leukoplast is plant, so not that.
Actually, standard answer: Centrioles and lysosomes are typically not in plant cells. But let’s see the list:
Options include: 4 Centriole, 12 Lysosome.
Also, 11 Leukoplast — that’s plant, so not that.
So 4 and 12
But wait, some sources say plant cells have vacuoles that act like lysosomes, so lysosomes aren't strictly absent. But in many curricula, lysosomes are listed as animal-only. Similarly, centrioles are definitely not in higher plants.
Another candidate: Chromoplast is plant, so no.
Perhaps Centriole (4) and... is there another? What about Leukoplast? No, that's plant.
Actually, looking at the list, Centriole (4) is one. For the second, perhaps Lysosome (12) is accepted.
But let me think: Animal cells have centrioles, plant cells usually don't. Animal cells have lysosomes, plant cells have vacuoles that perform similar functions, so lysosomes are not typically listed in plant cells. So 4 and 12
But the question says "choose 2", and we need to write the numbers. So 4, 12
20. These three organelles all are surrounded by a double membrane.
→ Which organelles have double membranes?
Nucleus (nuclear envelope is double), Mitochondria, Chloroplast.
Also, maybe others? But from the list:
Nucleus (17), Mitochondria (13), Chloroplast (5)
Yes, those three.
So 5, 13, 17
Now, let’s go back to #5: “This internal membrane system is so extensive...” — I think I made a mistake. Actually, the endoplasmic reticulum (as a whole) is described that way, but since 19 and 20 are separate, and the description doesn’t specify, perhaps it’s not accurate to pick only rough. But in many contexts, the rough ER is emphasized for its extent. However, let’s check online or recall: The ER membrane constitutes more than half the total membrane in eukaryotic cells. And since rough ER is part of it, but the question might expect "endoplasmic reticulum" but it's split. Perhaps they mean the rough ER because it's involved in protein synthesis which is mentioned later. I'll stick with 19 for #5.
But let’s verify with #12: “This membrane connects the nuclear membrane to the cell membrane.” — that’s definitely the ER, and again, rough ER is commonly depicted doing that. So 19 for both #5 and #12? But we can reuse organelles, as per instructions: “Many of the cell organelles will be used more than once.”
So yes, possible.
Now, let’s compile all answers:
1. Control center → Nucleus → 17
2. Made of DNA, storage of genetic info → Chromosomes → 7
3. Site of protein synthesis → Ribosomes → 18
4. Porous structure around nucleus → Nuclear membrane → 14
5. Extensive internal membrane system → Rough endoplasmic reticulum → 19
6. Proteins sorted and packaged → Golgi apparatus → 10
7. Manufactures ribosomal subunits → Nucleolus → 15
8. Surrounded by thick membrane to protect from enzymes → Lysosome → 12
9. Outside nucleus → Cytoplasm → 8
10. Controls what enters/leaves → Cell Membrane → 1
11. Where chromosomes are found → Nucleus → 17
12. Connects nuclear membrane to cell membrane → Rough endoplasmic reticulum → 19
13. Digestive enzymes → Lysosome → 12
14. Most numerous organelles → Ribosomes → 18
15. Powerhouse → Mitochondria → 13
16. Lipids manufactured → Smooth endoplasmic reticulum → 20
17. Contains instructions for proteins → Chromosomes → 7
18. Microfilaments and microtubules → Cytoskeleton → 9
19. Never in plant cell → Centriole and Lysosome → 4, 12
20. Double membrane → Chloroplast, Mitochondria, Nucleus → 5, 13, 17
For #19, we need to write two numbers. The question says “choose 2”, so we list them. Probably as “4 and 12” or just the numbers. In the blank, likely write the numbers separated by comma or something. But since it’s a fill-in, perhaps “4, 12”
Similarly, #20: “these three organelles” → so list three numbers: 5, 13, 17
Now, let’s write the final answers in order.
Final Answer:
1. 17
2. 7
3. 18
4. 14
5. 19
6. 10
7. 15
8. 12
9. 8
10. 1
11. 17
12. 19
13. 12
14. 18
15. 13
16. 20
17. 7
18. 9
19. 4, 12
20. 5, 13, 17
I think that’s correct. Let me double-check a few:
- #5: Is rough ER really accounting for more than half? Upon second thought, the entire ER (rough + smooth) does, but since the question lists them separately, and rough ER is larger in many cells, it might be acceptable. Some sources specify rough ER for this. I think it's okay.
- #12: ER connects nuclear envelope to plasma membrane — yes, and rough ER is part of that network.
- #19: Centrioles are absent in higher plants, lysosomes are typically not present (vacuoles take over), so 4 and 12 are standard answers.
- #20: Double membrane: nucleus (double membrane envelope), mitochondria (double membrane), chloroplast (double membrane) — yes, 5,13,17.
All set.
Parent Tip: Review the logic above to help your child master the concept of function of the organelles worksheet.
