1. Original DNA: TAC ACC TTG GCG ACG ACT
mRNA: AUG UGG AAC CGC UGC UGA
Amino Acids: Met - Trp - Asn - Arg - Cys - Stop
2. Mutated DNA (base substitution): TAC ATC TTG GCG ACG ACT
mRNA: AUG UAG AAC CGC UGC UGA
Amino Acids: Met - Stop - Asn - Arg - Cys - Stop
Mutation Type: Point mutation (substitution)
Effect: Nonsense mutation — premature stop codon truncates the protein.
3. Mutated DNA (base insertion): TAC GAC CTT GGC GAC GAC T
mRNA: AUG CUG GAA CCG CUG CUG A
Amino Acids: Met - Leu - Glu - Pro - Leu - Leu
Mutation Type: Insertion
Effect: Frameshift mutation — alters reading frame, changes all downstream amino acids and likely eliminates the original stop codon.
Parent Tip: Review the logic above to help your child master the concept of genetic mutation worksheet answers.
