Sch 4u0 Unit Hydrocarbons Worksheet Alkanes - Fill and Sign ... - Free Printable

Problem Analysis:

The task involves naming organic compounds using the IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) nomenclature system and drawing structural diagrams for given names. The IUPAC system is a standardized method for naming organic compounds based on their structure, including the parent chain, substituents, and functional groups.

#### Key Steps in IUPAC Nomenclature:
1. Identify the longest carbon chain (parent chain).
2. Number the carbon atoms in the parent chain to give the lowest possible numbers to substituents.
3. Name the substituents and indicate their positions on the parent chain.
4. Combine the names of the substituents with the parent chain name, listing them alphabetically and indicating their positions.

#### Structural Diagrams:
For the second part, you need to draw the structural formula of the compound based on the given IUPAC name. This involves representing the carbon skeleton and all substituents explicitly.

---

Solution:

#### Part 1: Naming the Compounds
We will analyze each structure and provide the correct IUPAC name.

1. Structure 1:
- Longest carbon chain: 3 carbons → Propane.
- Substituent: Methyl group at position 2.
- Name: 2-Methylpropane

2. Structure 2:
- Longest carbon chain: 5 carbons → Pentane.
- Substituents: Two methyl groups at positions 2 and 3.
- Name: 2,3-Dimethylpentane

3. Structure 3:
- Longest carbon chain: 6 carbons → Hexane.
- Substituent: One methyl group at position 3.
- Name: 3-Methylhexane

4. Structure 4:
- Longest carbon chain: 4 carbons → Butane.
- No substituents.
- Name: Butane

5. Structure 5:
- Longest carbon chain: 5 carbons → Pentane.
- Substituent: One ethyl group at position 3.
- Name: 3-Ethylpentane

6. Structure 6:
- Longest carbon chain: 5 carbons → Pentane.
- Substituent: One methyl group at position 3.
- Name: 3-Methylpentane

7. Structure 7:
- Longest carbon chain: 5 carbons → Pentane.
- Substituents: One methyl group at position 3 and one ethyl group at position 2.
- Name: 2-Ethyl-3-methylpentane

8. Structure 8:
- Longest carbon chain: 6 carbons → Hexane.
- Substituents: Two methyl groups at positions 2 and 3.
- Name: 2,3-Dimethylhexane

---

#### Part 2: Drawing Structural Diagrams
We will draw the structural formulas for the given IUPAC names.

1. 2-Methylpropane:
- Parent chain: Propane (3 carbons).
- Methyl group at position 2.
```
CH3-CH(CH3)-CH3
```

2. 2,3-Dimethylpentane:
- Parent chain: Pentane (5 carbons).
- Methyl groups at positions 2 and 3.
```
CH3-CH(CH3)-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH3
```

3. 3-Methylhexane:
- Parent chain: Hexane (6 carbons).
- Methyl group at position 3.
```
CH3-CH2-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH2-CH3
```

4. Butane:
- Parent chain: Butane (4 carbons).
- No substituents.
```
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3
```

5. 3-Ethylpentane:
- Parent chain: Pentane (5 carbons).
- Ethyl group at position 3.
```
CH3-CH2-CH(C2H5)-CH2-CH3
```

6. 3-Methylpentane:
- Parent chain: Pentane (5 carbons).
- Methyl group at position 3.
```
CH3-CH2-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH3
```

7. 2-Ethyl-3-methylpentane:
- Parent chain: Pentane (5 carbons).
- Ethyl group at position 2 and methyl group at position 3.
```
CH3-CH(C2H5)-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH3
```

8. 2,3-Dimethylhexane:
- Parent chain: Hexane (6 carbons).
- Methyl groups at positions 2 and 3.
```
CH3-CH(CH3)-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH2-CH3
```

---

Final Answers:

#### Part 1: Names
1. 2-Methylpropane
2. 2,3-Dimethylpentane
3. 3-Methylhexane
4. Butane
5. 3-Ethylpentane
6. 3-Methylpentane
7. 2-Ethyl-3-methylpentane
8. 2,3-Dimethylhexane

#### Part 2: Structural Diagrams
1. 2-Methylpropane:
```
CH3-CH(CH3)-CH3
```
2. 2,3-Dimethylpentane:
```
CH3-CH(CH3)-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH3
```
3. 3-Methylhexane:
```
CH3-CH2-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH2-CH3
```
4. Butane:
```
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3
```
5. 3-Ethylpentane:
```
CH3-CH2-CH(C2H5)-CH2-CH3
```
6. 3-Methylpentane:
```
CH3-CH2-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH3
```
7. 2-Ethyl-3-methylpentane:
```
CH3-CH(C2H5)-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH3
```
8. 2,3-Dimethylhexane:
```
CH3-CH(CH3)-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH2-CH3
```

Boxed Final Answer:

\[
\boxed{
\begin{array}{ll}
\text{1. 2-Methylpropane} & \text{1. } \ce{CH3-CH(CH3)-CH3} \\
\text{2. 2,3-Dimethylpentane} & \text{2. } \ce{CH3-CH(CH3)-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH3} \\
\text{3. 3-Methylhexane} & \text{3. } \ce{CH3-CH2-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH2-CH3} \\
\text{4. Butane} & \text{4. } \ce{CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3} \\
\text{5. 3-Ethylpentane} & \text{5. } \ce{CH3-CH2-CH(C2H5)-CH2-CH3} \\
\text{6. 3-Methylpentane} & \text{6. } \ce{CH3-CH2-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH3} \\
\text{7. 2-Ethyl-3-methylpentane} & \text{7. } \ce{CH3-CH(C2H5)-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH3} \\
\text{8. 2,3-Dimethylhexane} & \text{8. } \ce{CH3-CH(CH3)-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH2-CH3} \\
\end{array}
}
\]