Worksheet analyzing rhetorical appeals in political and financial texts.

Let's analyze each passage and determine whether the argument is using Ethos, Pathos, or Logos. These are the three modes of persuasion identified by Aristotle:

- Ethos: Appeals to credibility, ethics, or character.
- Pathos: Appeals to emotions.
- Logos: Appeals to logic, reason, and evidence.

---

Passage 1: Barack Obama – Potomac Primary Night Speech (February 12, 2008)

> *"When I am the nominee, I will offer a clear choice. John McCain won't be able to say that I ever supported this war in Iraq, because I opposed it from the beginning. Senator McCain said the other day that we might be mired for a hundred years in Iraq, which is reason enough to not give him four years in the White House.*
>
> *If we had chosen a different path, the right path, we could have finished the job in Afghanistan, and put more resources into the fight against bin Laden; and instead of spending hundreds of billions of dollars in Baghdad, we could have put that money into our schools and hospitals, our road and bridges – and that's what the American people need us to do right now."*

#### Method: Logos

#### Why:
This passage primarily uses logos because it presents logical arguments based on facts and reasoning:
- It contrasts Obama’s opposition to the Iraq War with McCain’s support, implying a more rational foreign policy stance.
- It argues that a different strategic choice (e.g., focusing on Afghanistan) would have led to better outcomes.
- It appeals to economic logic: redirecting funds from Iraq to domestic infrastructure and education.
- The conclusion ("that's what the American people need us to do right now") is framed as a logical necessity based on prior reasoning.

While there is some emotional appeal (e.g., concern for national needs), the core of the argument is built on reasoned analysis and consequences, making logos the dominant method.

---

Passage 2: Brett Arendts – "Is Apple Becoming a Value Stock?" (Marketwatch.com, June 21, 2011)

> *"Apple has come down from $363 in February to $316 Monday. Furthermore, that masks the fact that the company is sitting on a ton of net cash. At the end of the last quarter, cash, securities and other liquid assets exceeded liabilities by $51 billion, or around $55 a share. This may top $60 by the end of this quarter.*
>
> *So the cash-free stock price — the enterprise value of the business— may only be around $260.*
>
> *That's barely 10 times forecast earnings of $25 for the fiscal year ending in September. It's just nine times next year's forecast earnings. And it's only around 2.3 times this year's sales."*

#### Method: Logos

#### Why:
This passage relies entirely on logos:
- It cites specific financial data: