- Long-term Causes: Agricultural improvements (e.g., enclosure movement, crop rotation), population growth, availability of capital for investment, stable government and legal system, access to raw materials and markets through colonial empire, technological innovation culture.
- Short-term Causes: Invention of key machines (e.g., spinning jenny, power loom, steam engine), expansion of transportation networks (canals, later railways), increased demand for goods, urbanization pressures, availability of labor due to rural displacement.
- Short-term Effects: Rapid urban growth, poor living and working conditions in factories, rise of a new industrial middle class, increased production and lower prices for goods, environmental pollution, social unrest and labor movements.
- Long-term Effects: Sustained economic growth and higher standards of living, global dominance of industrialized nations, spread of industrialization worldwide, development of modern capitalism and labor laws, transformation of social structures and family life, foundation for subsequent technological revolutions.
Parent Tip: Review the logic above to help your child master the concept of industrial revolution worksheet.
