Educational worksheet titled "Introduction to Energy" with interactive exercises and a video thumbnail.

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"INTRODUCTION TO ENERGY" WORKSHEET

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#### Part 1: The two basic types of energy

Directions: Determine the best match between basic types of energy and the description provided. Put the correct letter in the blank.

We have three options:
- (a) Kinetic Energy
- (b) Potential Energy
- (c) Both forms of energy

Let’s analyze each scenario:

1. A skier at the top of the mountain
→ The skier has height, so gravitational potential energy. Not moving yet → (b) Potential Energy

2. Gasoline in a storage tank
→ Stored chemical energy (potential energy). It hasn’t been used yet. → (b) Potential Energy

3. A race-car traveling at its maximum speed
→ Moving fast → has kinetic energy. → (a) Kinetic Energy

4. Water flowing from a waterfall before it hits the pond below
→ Water is moving → kinetic energy; also still has height → potential energy. So both. → (c) Both forms of energy

5. A spring in a pinball machine before it is released
→ Compressed spring stores elastic potential energy. → (b) Potential Energy

6. Burning a match
→ Chemical energy is being converted to heat and light. But during burning, it involves both stored (potential) and motion/energy release (kinetic). However, the process itself releases energy — but the *act* of burning involves both forms. Still, the key is that it's releasing stored chemical energy → primarily (b) Potential Energy (but note: combustion produces kinetic energy too). However, since it's "burning," it's more about transformation. But the question asks for type of energy involved — burning releases energy, so it's both, as it involves conversion from potential (chemical) to kinetic (heat, light). So → (c) Both forms of energy

7. A running refrigerator motor
→ Motor is moving → kinetic energy. Also, it uses electrical potential energy. But the *motor* is actively converting energy, so it's producing motion → (a) Kinetic Energy

✔ Final Answers:
1. b
2. b
3. a
4. c
5. b
6. c
7. a

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#### Part 2: Definitions of Energy

ENERGY:
→ Energy is the ability to do work or cause change. It is the capacity to move matter or transform substances.

KINETIC ENERGY:
→ Kinetic energy is the energy of motion. Any object in motion has kinetic energy. It depends on mass and velocity.

POTENTIAL ENERGY:
→ Potential energy is stored energy due to position, condition, or composition. Examples include gravitational potential energy (height), elastic potential energy (stretched spring), and chemical potential energy (in fuels).

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#### Part 3: Forms of Energy

| Form | Definition | Type (KE, PE, or Both) | Example |
|------|-----------|------------------------|---------|
| Mechanical (motion) energy | An object's movement creates energy | Kinetic Energy (KE) | A rolling ball |
| Thermal (heat) energy | The vibration and movement of molecules | Both (KE & PE) | Hot coffee (molecules vibrating = KE; also has internal energy = PE) |

> Note:
> - Mechanical energy typically refers to the sum of kinetic and potential energy in a system. But here, the definition says “an object's movement creates energy,” which emphasizes motion → so Kinetic Energy.
> - Thermal energy comes from the motion of particles (kinetic) but also includes intermolecular forces (potential). So it's both.

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✔ Final Answer Summary:

#### Part 1:
1. b
2. b
3. a
4. c
5. b
6. c
7. a

#### Part 2: Definitions
- Energy: The ability to do work or cause change.
- Kinetic Energy: Energy possessed by an object due to its motion.
- Potential Energy: Stored energy due to position or state.

#### Part 3:
| Form | Definition | Type | Example |
|------|----------|------|--------|
| Mechanical (motion) energy | An object's movement creates energy | KE | Rolling ball |
| Thermal (heat) energy | The vibration and movement of molecules | Both | Boiling water |

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