Let's solve the problem step by step.
---
Task:
Identify whether each of the following substances forms an
ionic or
covalent bond, and explain based on the types of elements involved.
>
Key Rule:
-
Covalent bonding occurs between
two non-metals.
-
Ionic bonding occurs between a
metal and a non-metal.
We will analyze each pair:
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1. Cl + Cl → Cl₂
- Both atoms are
chlorine, a
non-metal.
- Bonding between two non-metals →
Covalent
✔ Answer: Covalent
---
2. Br + Br → Br₂
- Both are
bromine, a
non-metal.
- Two non-metals →
Covalent
✔ Answer: Covalent
---
3. F + F → F₂
- Both are
fluorine, a
non-metal.
- Two non-metals →
Covalent
✔ Answer: Covalent
---
4. I + I → I₂
- Both are
iodine, a
non-metal.
- Two non-metals →
Covalent
✔ Answer: Covalent
---
5. H + O → H₂O
- Hydrogen (H) is a
non-metal, Oxygen (O) is a
non-metal.
- Both are non-metals →
Covalent
✔ Answer: Covalent
---
6. H + H → H₂
- Hydrogen is a
non-metal.
- Two non-metals →
Covalent
✔ Answer: Covalent
---
7. C + H → CH₄
- Carbon (C) is a
non-metal, Hydrogen (H) is a
non-metal.
- Both are non-metals →
Covalent
✔ Answer: Covalent
---
8. Al + Cl → AlCl₃
- Aluminum (Al) is a
metal, Chlorine (Cl) is a
non-metal.
- Metal + Non-metal →
Ionic
✔ Answer: Ionic
---
9. O + O → O₂
- Both are
oxygen, a
non-metal.
- Two non-metals →
Covalent
✔ Answer: Covalent
---
10. N + N → N₂
- Both are
nitrogen, a
non-metal.
- Two non-metals →
Covalent
✔ Answer: Covalent
---
11. Ca + O → CaO
- Calcium (Ca) is a
metal, Oxygen (O) is a
non-metal.
- Metal + Non-metal →
Ionic
✔ Answer: Ionic
---
12. Al + O → Al₂O₃
- Aluminum (Al) is a
metal, Oxygen (O) is a
non-metal.
- Metal + Non-metal →
Ionic
✔ Answer: Ionic
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✔ Final Answers:
| Number | Substance | Bond Type |
|--------|-----------|-----------|
| 1 | Cl₂ | Covalent |
| 2 | Br₂ | Covalent |
| 3 | F₂ | Covalent |
| 4 | I₂ | Covalent |
| 5 | H₂O | Covalent |
| 6 | H₂ | Covalent |
| 7 | CH₄ | Covalent |
| 8 | AlCl₃ | Ionic |
| 9 | O₂ | Covalent |
| 10 | N₂ | Covalent |
| 11 | CaO | Ionic |
| 12 | Al₂O₃ | Ionic |
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📌 Summary:
-
Covalent bonds: Formed between
non-metal + non-metal (all cases from 1–7, 9–10).
-
Ionic bonds: Formed between
metal + non-metal (cases 8, 11, 12).
This classification is based on the
electronegativity difference and
electron transfer vs. sharing principles.
Let me know if you'd like a diagram or explanation of how electrons are shared or transferred!
Parent Tip: Review the logic above to help your child master the concept of ionic and covalent bond practice worksheet.
