Comprehensive table detailing various chemical compounds, their oxidation states, and whether they form ionic, covalent, or metallic bonds.

You've uploaded a completed Chemical Bonding Worksheet. The task appears to be to fill in the table with:

1. Name of the compound
2. Oxidation states of each atom
3. Bond Type (ionic, covalent, or metallic)

The worksheet already has answers filled in — likely by a student or teacher — and you’re asking me to solve the problem and explain the solution.

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✔ Let’s verify each row for correctness and explain the reasoning behind the answers.

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🔹 General Rules Used:

- Ionic Bond: Between a metal and non-metal
- Covalent Bond: Between two non-metals
- Metallic Bond: Between two metals (in alloys or pure metals)
- Oxidation State Rules:
- Oxygen is usually -2 (except in peroxides)
- Hydrogen is +1 when bonded to non-metals, -1 when bonded to metals
- Group 1 metals (e.g., Na, K, Rb) = +1
- Group 2 metals (e.g., Mg, Ca) = +2
- Halogens (F, Cl, Br, I) = -1 in binary compounds (unless with oxygen or other halogens)
- In polyatomic ions, sum of oxidation states = charge of ion
- Elements in their elemental form = 0

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## ✔ VERIFIED SOLUTION WITH EXPLANATIONS

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1. NO₂ — nitrogen dioxide

- Name: Correct
- Oxidation States: N = +4, O = -2 → ✔️
*Explanation*: 2×(-2) = -4 → N must be +4 to make molecule neutral.
- Bond Type: Covalent → ✔️
*Explanation*: Both N and O are non-metals.

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2. NaCl — sodium chloride

- Name: Correct
- Oxidation States: Na = +1, Cl = -1 → ✔️
*Explanation*: Na is Group 1, Cl is halogen.
- Bond Type: Ionic → ✔️
*Explanation*: Metal (Na) + Non-metal (Cl).

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3. SO₂ — sulfur dioxide

- Name: Correct
- Oxidation States: S = +4, O = -2 → ✔️
*Explanation*: 2×(-2) = -4 → S = +4.
- Bond Type: Covalent → ✔️
*Explanation*: Both S and O are non-metals.

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4. PO₄³⁻ — phosphate anion

- Name: Correct
- Oxidation States: P = +5, O = -2 → ✔️
*Explanation*: 4×(-2) = -8 → P must be +5 to get total charge -3: (+5) + (-8) = -3.
- Bond Type: Covalent → ✔️
*Explanation*: All atoms are non-metals; it’s a polyatomic ion with covalent bonds internally.

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5. MgBr₂ — magnesium bromide

- Name: Correct
- Oxidation States: Mg = +2, Br = -1 → ✔️
*Explanation*: Mg is Group 2, Br is halogen.
- Bond Type: Ionic → ✔️
*Explanation*: Metal + Non-metal.

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6. CaO — calcium oxide

- Name: Correct
- Oxidation States: Ca = +2, O = -2 → ✔️
*Explanation*: Group 2 metal + oxygen.
- Bond Type: Ionic → ✔️

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7. H₂O — water

- Name: Correct
- Oxidation States: H = +1, O = -2 → ✔️
*Explanation*: H is +1 when bonded to O.
- Bond Type: Covalent → ✔️
*Explanation*: Both H and O are non-metals.

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8. K₂O — potassium oxide

- Name: Correct
- Oxidation States: K = +1, O = -2 → ✔️
*Explanation*: K is Group 1.
- Bond Type: Ionic → ✔️
*Explanation*: Metal (K) + Non-metal (O).

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9. Cu-Zn alloy — brass

- Name: Correct
- Oxidation States: Cu = 0, Zn = 0 → ✔️
*Explanation*: In alloys, elements are in elemental form → oxidation state = 0.
- Bond Type: Metallic → ✔️
*Explanation*: Alloy of two metals → metallic bonding.

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10. O₂ — oxygen gas

- Name: Correct
- Oxidation States: O = 0 → ✔️
*Explanation*: Elemental form.
- Bond Type: Covalent → ✔️
*Explanation*: Two non-metal atoms sharing electrons.

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11. CuCl₂ — copper(II) chloride

- Name: Correct (specifies +2 oxidation state of Cu)
- Oxidation States: Cu = +2, Cl = -1 → ✔️
*Explanation*: 2×(-1) = -2 → Cu = +2.
- Bond Type: Ionic → ✔️
*Explanation*: Metal (Cu) + Non-metal (Cl). Even though transition metals can have variable charges, this is still ionic.

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12. NO₂⁻ — nitrite anion

- Name: Correct
- Oxidation States: N = +3, O = -2 → ✔️
*Explanation*: 2×(-2) = -4 → N = +3 to give total charge -1: (+3) + (-4) = -1.
- Bond Type: Covalent → ✔️
*Explanation*: Polyatomic ion with non-metal atoms → covalent bonds inside.

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13. TiO₂ — titanium(IV) oxide

- Name: Correct (specifies +4 oxidation state of Ti)
- Oxidation States: Ti = +4, O = -2 → ✔️
*Explanation*: 2×(-2) = -4 → Ti = +4.
- Bond Type: Ionic → ✔️
*Explanation*: Metal (Ti) + Non-metal (O). Even though Ti is a transition metal, TiO₂ is considered ionic.

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14. HF — hydrofluoric acid

- Name: Correct
- Oxidation States: H = +1, F = -1 → ✔️
*Explanation*: H bonded to non-metal → +1; F is most electronegative → -1.
- Bond Type: Covalent → ✔️
*Explanation*: Both H and F are non-metals. (Note: HF has high polarity but is still classified as covalent.)

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15. Rb₂S — rubidium sulfide

- Name: Correct
- Oxidation States: Rb = +1, S = -2 → ✔️
*Explanation*: Rb is Group 1, S is Group 16 → forms S²⁻.
- Bond Type: Ionic → ✔️
*Explanation*: Metal + Non-metal.

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16. Au-Pt mixture — white gold

- Name: Correct (white gold is often Au + Pt or Pd/Zn/Ni)
- Oxidation States: Au = 0, Pt = 0 → ✔️
*Explanation*: Elemental metals in alloy → oxidation state = 0.
- Bond Type: Metallic → ✔️
*Explanation*: Alloy of two metals → metallic bonding.

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17. Fe₂O₃ — iron(III) oxide

- Name: Correct (specifies +3 oxidation state of Fe)
- Oxidation States: Fe = +3, O = -2 → ✔️
*Explanation*: 3×(-2) = -6 → 2 Fe atoms must total +6 → each Fe = +3.
- Bond Type: Ionic → ✔️
*Explanation*: Metal (Fe) + Non-metal (O).

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18. C₆H₁₂O₆ — glucose

- Name: Correct
- Oxidation States: C = +4, H = +1, O = -2 → ❗️Partially Incorrect
*Explanation*: This is a trick! In organic molecules like glucose, carbon does NOT have a single oxidation state. Each carbon has a different oxidation state depending on what it's bonded to.

Let’s calculate average or one example:
- For a CH₂OH group: C bonded to 2H (+1 each), 1 O (-2), and 1 C (assumed 0) → oxidation state = 0? Not straightforward.
- Better method: Use formula:
For C₆H₁₂O₆, let x = oxidation state of C.
6x + 12(+1) + 6(-2) = 0 → 6x + 12 - 12 = 0 → 6x = 0 → x = 0
So average oxidation state of C is 0, not +4.

> ✔ Correction: Oxidation states should be:
> C = 0 (average), H = +1, O = -2
> *(Some carbons may be +1, -1, etc., but average is 0)*

- Bond Type: Covalent → ✔️
*Explanation*: All atoms are non-metals → covalent bonds.

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## 📌 Final Summary:

✔ Most answers are correct.

⚠️ One error: In glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆), carbon’s oxidation state is not +4 — it’s 0 on average.

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## ✔ CORRECTED ROW FOR GLUCOSE:

| Compound | Name | Oxidation States | Bond Type |
|--------------|-----------|------------------------|-----------|
| C₆H₁₂O₆ | glucose | C = 0, H = +1, O = -2 | covalent |

*(Note: You could also say “C varies from -1 to +1 depending on position” but for introductory level, average = 0 is acceptable.)*

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## 💡 Teaching Tip:

This worksheet is excellent for reinforcing:
- How to assign oxidation numbers using rules
- Classifying bond types based on element types
- Recognizing polyatomic ions and alloys

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✔ All done! The worksheet is mostly correct — only glucose’s carbon oxidation state needs correction.

Let me know if you’d like a printable version or flashcards for review!