Potential Energy and Kinetic Energy Roller Coaster Worksheet ... - Free Printable

Since I can't view or access images directly, I’ll help you solve the problem based on the text you’ve provided. Let’s go through each part of the worksheet step by step.

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Kinetic Energy and Temperature Change

Scenario Summary:
- Joe pours 200 mL of hot water into four cups (A–D).
- Each cup has a different number of ice cubes:
- Cup A: 1 ice cube
- Cup B: 2 ice cubes
- Cup C: 3 ice cubes
- Cup D: 4 ice cubes
- The temperature of the water is recorded every 60 seconds for 5 minutes.
- Hannah measures the temperature change over time as the ice melts.

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Data Table (Temperature vs. Time):

| Time | Cup A (1 ice cube) | Cup B (2 ice cubes) | Cup C (3 ice cubes) | Cup D (4 ice cubes) |
|------|--------------------|---------------------|---------------------|---------------------|
| Initial temperature | 50.0°C | 50.0°C | 50.0°C | 50.0°C |
| Temperature at 2 min | 48.8°C | 48.7°C | 48.2°C | 47.9°C |
| Temperature at 4 min | 47.5°C | 46.7°C | 45.7°C | 44.7°C |
| Temperature at 6 min | 46.1°C | 45.2°C | 43.9°C | 42.9°C |
| Temperature at 8 min | 44.8°C | 43.7°C | 42.5°C | 41.4°C |
| Temperature at 10 min | 43.6°C | 42.7°C | 41.2°C | 40.1°C |

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Now let's answer the questions:

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1. What states of matter are involved in this experiment?

Answer:
The states of matter involved are:
- Liquid – the hot water in the cups.
- Solid – the ice cubes added to the water.

As the ice melts, it changes from solid to liquid, which is a phase change involving energy transfer.

> ✔ Explanation: This experiment involves the physical change of ice (solid) melting into water (liquid). The heat from the water transfers to the ice, causing it to melt.

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2. What is the independent variable? Hint: The independent variable is the variable that Hannah changed.

Answer:
The independent variable is the number of ice cubes added to each cup.

> ✔ Explanation: Hannah deliberately changed the number of ice cubes (1, 2, 3, or 4), so this is what she manipulated to observe its effect.

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3. What is the dependent variable? Hint: The dependent variable is the variable that Hannah measured.

Answer:
The dependent variable is the temperature of the water over time.

> ✔ Explanation: Hannah measured how the temperature changed over time in each cup. Since the temperature depends on how many ice cubes were added, it is the outcome being observed.

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4. What are the constants? Hint: Compare variables that remain the same in each experiment trial.

Answer:
The constants (controlled variables) include:
- Volume of hot water (200 mL in each cup)
- Initial temperature of the water (50.0°C)
- Type of container (same cups)
- Measurement interval (every 60 seconds)
- Duration of observation (10 minutes)

> ✔ Explanation: These factors were kept the same across all trials to ensure a fair test. Only the number of ice cubes varied.

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Bonus Insight: Relating to Kinetic Energy & Temperature

- Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of particles.
- As the ice cubes absorb heat from the water, they gain energy and melt.
- The water loses kinetic energy (cools down) because heat flows from the warmer water to the colder ice.
- More ice cubes mean more energy is absorbed, so the water cools faster → greater temperature drop.

This demonstrates energy transfer and conservation of energy.

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✔ Final Answers:

1. States of matter: Solid (ice) and Liquid (water)
2. Independent variable: Number of ice cubes
3. Dependent variable: Temperature of the water over time
4. Constants: Volume of water (200 mL), initial temperature (50.0°C), type of cup, measurement time intervals, duration

Let me know if you'd like a graph of the data or further explanation!