Educational worksheet for students to practice reading graduated cylinder measurements, including meniscus and volume units in mL.

Let's solve the problem step by step.

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🔍 Understanding the Task

The worksheet asks you to measure the volume of liquid in each of the 10 graduated cylinders shown. You must:

1. Read the bottom of the meniscus (the curved surface of the liquid).
2. Estimate to the nearest subgraduation (small tick marks between main graduations).
3. Record the answer in milliliters (mL).

We'll go through each cylinder one by one.

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✔ How to Read a Graduated Cylinder

- Look at the bottom of the meniscus.
- The scale is marked in mL, with major lines (e.g., 10, 20, 30) and minor lines (subgraduates).
- Each minor line represents a fraction of the major unit (usually 1 mL or 0.1 mL depending on the cylinder).

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Now let’s analyze each cylinder:

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1. First Cylinder (Top Row, Leftmost)

- Scale: 1 mL per major line (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 mL)
- Liquid reaches just below 4 mL, about 3.8 mL
- Subgraduates: Each small line = 0.1 mL
- Bottom of meniscus is at 3.8 mL

✔ Answer: 3.8 mL

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2. Second Cylinder (Top Row, Second from Left)

- Scale: 10 mL per major line (10, 20, 30…)
- Between 10 and 20 mL → 10 mL range
- There are 10 subgraduates, so each = 1 mL
- Liquid is at 14 mL (between 10 and 20, 4 ticks above 10)

✔ Answer: 14 mL

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3. Third Cylinder (Top Row, Middle)

- Scale: 20 mL per major line (20, 40, 60, 80, 100)
- Between 80 and 100 → 20 mL range
- Number of subgraduates: 10 → each = 2 mL
- Liquid is at the 80 mL mark exactly

✔ Answer: 80 mL

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4. Fourth Cylinder (Top Row, Fourth from Left)

- Scale: 25 mL per major line (25, 50, 75, 100, 125)
- Between 100 and 125 → 25 mL range
- Subgraduates: 10 lines → each = 2.5 mL
- Liquid is just below 100 mL, but look closely:
- At 97.5 mL? Wait — actually, it's exactly at 100 mL?

Wait — no! The meniscus bottom is just below 100 mL, about 97.5 mL?

Wait again: Let’s count.

- From 75 to 100: 30 mL span
- Divided into 10 subgraduates → each = 3 mL
- So: 75, 78, 81, 84, 87, 90, 93, 96, 99, 102?
No — that can’t be right.

Wait — standard cylinders: usually 10 divisions between 25 mL intervals → each division = 2.5 mL.

So:
- 75 → 77.5 → 80 → 82.5 → 85 → 87.5 → 90 → 92.5 → 95 → 97.5 → 100

Liquid level is just below 100, but at 97.5 mL?

Actually, the meniscus bottom is at the 97.5 mL mark.

But wait — the liquid appears to be at the 100 mL line?

Looking carefully: The top of the liquid is near 100, but the bottom of the meniscus is slightly below 100, just above 97.5?

Wait — better: Let's assume the markings are every 2.5 mL.

From 75 to 100: 10 subdivisions → each = 2.5 mL

So:
- 75, 77.5, 80, 82.5, 85, 87.5, 90, 92.5, 95, 97.5, 100

The meniscus bottom is at the 97.5 mL mark?

No — the liquid goes up to just below 100, and the bottom is at 97.5 mL?

Wait — the top of the liquid is near 100, but the bottom of the meniscus is at the 97.5 mL line?

No — visually, the bottom of the curve is at the 97.5 mL line?

Wait — no: the liquid level is at 100 mL?

Wait — looking again: The meniscus is curved down, and its lowest point is at the 97.5 mL mark?

Yes — the bottom of the meniscus is at 97.5 mL.

But wait — the meniscus dips, so if the bottom is at 97.5, then yes.

But the top of the liquid is at 100, but we read the bottom.

So:

- Meniscus bottom is at the 97.5 mL line?

No — the meniscus bottom is just below 100, but not at 97.5.

Wait — the 100 mL line is the top of the liquid? No.

Let’s re-express:

The meniscus is curved downward, so the bottom is lower than the top.

In this case, the top of the liquid is at ~100 mL, but the bottom of the meniscus is at 97.5 mL?

That would mean the volume is 97.5 mL.

But let's check the scale: from 75 to 100, there are 10 subgraduates, so each = 2.5 mL.

So:
- 75
- 77.5
- 80
- 82.5
- 85
- 87.5
- 90
- 92.5
- 95
- 97.5
- 100

Now, the bottom of the meniscus is at the 97.5 mL line?

Yes — it's at the 97.5 mL mark.

So:

✔ Answer: 97.5 mL

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5. Fifth Cylinder (Top Row, Rightmost)

- Scale: 100 mL per major line (100, 200, 300, 400, 500)
- Between 300 and 400 → 100 mL range
- Subgraduates: 10 lines → each = 10 mL
- Liquid is at 340 mL (4 lines above 300)

✔ Answer: 340 mL

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6. Sixth Cylinder (Bottom Row, Leftmost)

- Scale: 5 mL per major line (5, 10, 15, 20, 25)
- Between 10 and 15 → 5 mL range
- Subgraduates: 10 lines → each = 0.5 mL
- Liquid is at 10.5 mL (one tick above 10)

✔ Answer: 10.5 mL

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7. Seventh Cylinder (Bottom Row, Second from Left)

- Scale: 1 mL per major line (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
- Subgraduates: 10 lines → each = 0.1 mL
- Liquid is at 3.3 mL (3 full mL + 3 small ticks)

✔ Answer: 3.3 mL

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8. Eighth Cylinder (Bottom Row, Middle)

- Scale: 10 mL per major line (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)
- Between 40 and 50 → 10 mL range
- Subgraduates: 10 lines → each = 1 mL
- Liquid is at 45 mL

✔ Answer: 45 mL

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9. Ninth Cylinder (Bottom Row, Fourth from Left)

- Scale: 1 mL per major line (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
- Subgraduates: 10 lines → each = 0.1 mL
- Liquid is at 4.8 mL (just below 5 mL, 8 small ticks above 4)

✔ Answer: 4.8 mL

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10. Tenth Cylinder (Bottom Row, Rightmost)

- Scale: 100 mL per major line (100, 200, 300)
- Between 100 and 200 → 100 mL range
- Subgraduates: 10 lines → each = 10 mL
- Liquid is at 120 mL (2 lines above 100)

✔ Answer: 120 mL

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✔ Final Answers:

| Cylinder | Volume (mL) |
|--------|-------------|
| 1 | 3.8 mL |
| 2 | 14 mL |
| 3 | 80 mL |
| 4 | 97.5 mL |
| 5 | 340 mL |
| 6 | 10.5 mL |
| 7 | 3.3 mL |
| 8 | 45 mL |
| 9 | 4.8 mL |
| 10 | 120 mL |

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📝 Summary of Key Points:

- Always read the bottom of the meniscus.
- Be at eye level.
- Estimate to the nearest subgraduation.
- Include units (mL).

Let me know if you'd like a printable version or an explanation for any specific cylinder!